Direct reduction swelling behavior of pellets in hydrogen-based shaft furnaces under typical atmospheres

Zhao, Zichuan; Tang, Jue; Chu, Mansheng; Wang, Xindong; Zheng, Aijun; Wang, Xiaoai; Li, Yang

doi:10.1007/s12613-022-2494-4

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[16] The volume expansion of the pellets is inevitable during the reduction, and the abnormal swelling would cause serious accidents, such as poor permeability, even collapse of the burden. [17] The hydrogen-based process is characterized by a complex chemomechanical interplay of the different mechanisms involved, specifically the underlying reactions, mass transport, and volume changes. [18] Among the reaction steps, wüstite reduction to iron is the slowest one by nearly an order of magnitude lower reaction kinetics compared with the other two steps; therefore, it plays an important role in determining the overall rate of the reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Cavaliere

Perrone

Marsano

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The present study deals with the analyses of the direct reduction kinetics during the hydrogen reduction of industrial iron oxide pellets. Various types of pellets with different percentage of total iron content and metal oxides are examined. They are reduced at different temperatures and pressure (700–1100 °C and 1–6 bar) in hydrogen atmosphere. The reduction behavior is described in terms of time to reduction, rate of reduction, and kinetics constant. All the obtained results are analyzed through the employment of a commercial multiobjective optimization tool to precisely define the weight that each single parameter has on the reduction behavior. It is shown that from the point of view of the processing conditions, temperature is the main factor influencing the time to total reduction. From the point of view of the pellets properties, it is mainly influenced by the total iron percentage and then by porosity and basicity index. Also, the kinetics behavior is largely influenced by the reduction temperature even if it is mainly governed by the porosity and pores size from the point of view of the reduced pellets. The reduction rate is also mainly influenced by temperature and then by iron percentage, gas pressure, basicity index, and porosity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Cavaliere

Perrone

Marsano

et al. 2023

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The HYL-III process, developed [37][38][39][40][41] by the Hylsa Company, has a process flow similar to that of the MIDREX process. Hydrogen-rich gas is also produced by an external reformer, where natural gas is cracked and reformed (with an nH 2 /nCO ratio of approximately 5.0).…”

Section: Hydrogen-rich Gas Vertical-furnace Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for green steelmaking technology with low carbon emissions in China

Fucheng,

Lukuo,

Ying

2024

Carbon Energy

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The steel industry is a major source of CO2 emissions, and thus, the mitigation of carbon emissions is the most pressing challenge in this sector. In this paper, international environmental governance in the steel industry is reviewed, and the current state of development of low‐carbon technologies is discussed. Additionally, low‐carbon pathways for the steel industry at the current time are proposed, emphasizing prevention and treatment strategies. Furthermore, the prospects of low‐carbon technologies are explored from the perspective of transitioning the energy structure to a “carbon–electricity–hydrogen” relationship. Overall, steel enterprises should adopt hydrogen‐rich metallurgical technologies that are compatible with current needs and process flows in the short term, based on the carbon substitution with hydrogen (prevention) and the CCU (CO2 capture and utilization) concepts (treatment). Additionally, the capture and utilization of CO2 for steelmaking, which can assist in achieving short‐term emission reduction targets but is not a long‐term solution, is discussed. In conclusion, in the long term, the carbon metallurgical process should be gradually supplanted by a hydrogen–electric synergistic approach, thus transforming the energy structure of existing steelmaking processes and attaining near‐zero carbon emission steelmaking technology.

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“…First of all, Mao et al [7] investigated the reduction kinetic mechanism of iron ore powder reduced by H 2 /CO gas mixture. The whole reduction process can be divided into two steps, of which the first step is a double-step reduction (Fe 2 O 3 → Fe 3 O 4 →FeO) and the second step is a single-step (FeO→Fe), which is the rate-determining step.…”

Section: Topic B: Hydrogen-based Direction Ironmaking Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial for special issue on hydrogen metallurgy

Zhang

Schenk

Liu

et al. 2022

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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The carbon neutral strategy is promoting the transformation and upgrading of the traditional metallurgical industry, and the high-quality and low-carbon reform of the metallurgical industry is imperative. Hydrogen, as a clean energy in the 21st century, has a potential to realize low-carbon metallurgy from the source, and "hydrogen metallurgy" has become one of the most important directions for metallurgical industry. In recent years, the traditional metallurgical processes, represented by the steel industry, have developed rapidly in terms of hydrogen-rich smelting and new hydrogen metallurgy processes, indicating that the metallurgical industry is making rapid progress on the road of low-carbon transformation.In order to speed up the development of low-carbon metallurgical industry, a special issue of "Hydrogen Metallurgy" is published by the journal of International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (IJMMM). Experts and scholars from the world's top universities or research institutes including the Max Planck Institute in Germany and Kyushu University in Japan were invited to share their progress and prospects in "hydrogen metallurgy" research. The special issue includes a total of 12 papers, including a review of plasma hydrogen metallurgy and 11 research papers.The papers mainly focus on three directions: hydrogen-enriched behavior in traditional ironmaking process, hydrogenbased direct ironmaking process, and hydrogen plasma metallurgy. The special issue covers a comprehensive range of topics, from the innovation of traditional metallurgical processes to the development of new hydrogen-rich metallurgy processes, involving the current hot research directions in hydrogen metallurgy.

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Direct reduction swelling behavior of pellets in hydrogen-based shaft furnaces under typical atmospheres

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Prospects for green steelmaking technology with low carbon emissions in China

Editorial for special issue on hydrogen metallurgy

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