Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in tea by temporary liquid immersion Embriogenesis somatik langsung dan regenerasi tanaman teh melalui perendaman sesaat

Abstract

Ringkasan Perbanyakan tanaman teh [Camellia sinen­sis (L.) O. Kuntze] melalui stek tunas berdaun tunggal hanya dapat menghasilkan klon unggul dalam jumlah terbatas. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan metode alternatif dengan teknik kultur sel dan jaringan untuk perbanyakan klonal secara cepat. Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan metode yang lebih efektif untuk regenerasi tanaman teh melalui embriogenesis somatik langsung. Massa pro­embriogenik dari eksplan kotiledon dihasilkan dengan frekuensi 56,7% dalam media MS padat setengah konsentrasi yang mengandung BAP 2 mg1L. Proliferasi, perkembangan, pendewasaan dan perkecambahan embrio somatik diperoleh dengan sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) yang menggunakan media MS cair setengah konsen­trasi, yang diperkaya dengan zat pengatur tumbuh dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Proliferasi embrio meningkat 4,3 kali dalam media yang diberi BAP 2 mglL; perkembangan dan pendewasaannya meningkat dengan penambahan kinetin dan ABA masing-masing pada konsentrasi 0,1 mg1L yang 30% diantaranya berkecambah dan membentuk planlet tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh. Protokol SPS tersebut merupakan sistem in vitro yang berpotensi bagi proliferasi dan perkembang­an embrio somatik tanaman teh yang cepat dan sinkron dari kultur kotiledon, serta regenerasinya menjadi planlet tanpa melalui fase kalus.Summary Tea propagation by single-leaf bud cuttings has limited applications for rapid dissemination of planting materials from new elite clones. An alternative method for rapid cloning by cell and tissue culture technique is necessary. In this study we have established an improved method for tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] plant regenera­tion via direct somatic embryogenesis. Clumps of proembryogenic masses were initiated at a fre­quency of 56.7% from cotyledonary slices cul­tured on a half-strength MS agar-gelled medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP. Proliferation, development, maturation and germination of so­matic embryos were achieved using the temporary immersion system (TIS) provided with half­strength MS liquid media supplemented with varying concentrations of growth regulators. Em­bryo proliferation increased by 4.3-fold in me­dium provided with 2 mg/L BAP; their develop­ment and maturation were enhanced by the presence of both kinetin and ABA at 0.1 mg/L each. Germination and plant recovery were achieved at a frequency of about 30% without the use of growth regulators. The TIS protocol des­cribed above represents an in vitro system poten­tial for rapid proliferation and synchronized development of tea somatic embryos from cotyledon cultures, and their regeneration into plantlets without an intervening callus phase.

Agrobacterium Transformation of Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE): A Small Experiment with Great Prospects

“…The transformed cells may not readily develop into plantlets, or may exhibit reduced growth and developmental potential. Optimizing the tissue culture and regeneration protocols specific to tea plants is essential in order to overcome these barriers [40][41][42][43][44].…”

Observations on kopyor coconut (Cocos nucifera var. Kopyor) characteristics during distribution

“…Another way is by embryo rescue in in vitro culture. This method can obtain seedlings that produce 99% kopyor fruits [6][7][8]. The embryo culture of kopyor coconut seedlings has been commercially produced by the Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry since the 2000s (now Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute-Bogor Unit).…”

Comparative growth response of three rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) clones in somatic embryo propagation

“…Micropropagation of rubber through SE has been successfully reported by researchers using different sources of explants such as anther [18][19][20][21][22][23], zygotic embrio [25], leaf [26][27] and integuments [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Carron and Ettiene [28] stated that somatic embryo formation was limited to only a few genotypes, the embryogenic capacity was short-lived, and there was a very low rate of conversion of embryos into plantlets.…”