Direct somatic embryogenesis of Malaxis densiflora (A. Rich.) Kuntze

Mahendran, G.; Bai, V. Narmatha

doi:10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.11.003

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For DSE, the treatment with the combination of 2,4-D and TDZ showed a much higher induction rate of globular embryos than the application of 2,4-D alone, suggesting that a certain ratio of 2,4-D and TDZ might play a significant role in the process of DSE and that phytohormones are necessary for the maintenance of DSE in C. oleifera . Such combined favorable influence of auxin and cytokinins is in accordance with reports in Malaxis densiflora ( Mahendran and Bai, 2016 ), date palm ( Baharan and Mohammadi, 2018 ), and Coelogyne cristata ( Naing et al, 2011 ). Conversely, the addition of 2,4-D alone was not favorable for DSE in Oncidium ( Chen et al, 1999 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Direct and Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Camellia oleifera Abel

et al. 2021

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Camellia oleifera Abel. is an important woody oil species; however, the shortage of rapid and industrialized seedling culture is a large constraint on the development of the tea oil industry. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the main powerful biotechnological tools for plant mass regeneration, but the largely unknown SE in C. oleifera limits the scale production of clonal plants. In this study, we described a high-efficiency SE system via direct and indirect pathways in C. oleifera and investigated the effect of genotype, explant age and phytohormones on SE. In the direct pathway, somatic embryos were highly induced from immature seeds 220 days after full blossom, and the development of embryoids was achieved with a combination of 0.19 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.05 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). In the indirect pathway, embryogenic calli were induced from the same explants in medium containing 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D, while 0.75 mg/L 2,4-D treatment led to high proliferation rates for embryogenic calli. The addition of 0.19 mg/L 2,4-D alone stimulated the production of globular embryos while causing a 75% loss of the induction rate in the heart embryo stage. Upon transfer of the globular embryos to phytohormone-free medium, an optimal induction rate of 62.37% from globular embryos to cotyledonary embryos was obtained. These data suggest that the subsequent differentiation process after the globular embryo stage in ISE is more similar to an endogenous phytohormones-driven process. Mature embryos germinated to produce intact plantlets on half-strength MS basal medium with a regeneration rate of 63.67%. Histological analysis confirmed the vascular bundle isolation of embryoids from the mother tissue. We further studied the different varieties and found that there were no significant genotype differences for SE induction efficiency in C. oleifera. Thus, we established a high-efficiency induction system for direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) in C. oleifera and regenerated intact plantlets via SE, not organogenesis. ISE has a more complicated induction and regulatory mechanism than direct somatic embryogenesis. The improved protocol of SE would benefit mass propagation and genetic manipulation in C. oleifera.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Phytohormones are another key influencing factors for SE. Most plant species undergoing SE are dependent on the powerful action of auxin and cytokinin, especially 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) which regulates and balances endogenous auxin levels (Illyas Ahmad et al, 2013;Mahendran and Bai, 2016;Keshvari et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Camellia oleifera Abel

et al. 2021

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“…In recent years, plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis had been successfully established in various orchids including Dendrobium (Chung et al 2005), Epipactis (Moradi et al 2017), Malaxis (Mahendran and Bai 2016), Phalaenopsis (Chen and Chang 2006; Gow et al 2010; Feng and Chen 2014), Rhynchostylis (Islam and Bhattacharjee 2015) and also a Tolumnia related genus, Oncidium (Chen et al 1999; Chen and Chang 2002; Su et al 2006; Hong et al 2008a, b). In these previous studies, cytokinins, especially thidiazuron, were found to be effective to induce direct somatic embryogenesis from the leaf explants (Chen et al 1999; Chen and Chang 2002; Su et al 2006; Hong et al 2008a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Tolumnia Louise Elmore ‘Elsa’

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTolumnia genus (equitant Oncidium) is a group of small orchids with vivid flower color. Thousands of hybrids have been registered on Royal Horticulture Society and showed great potential for ornamental plant market. The aim of this study is to establish an efficient method for in vitro propagation.ResultsLeaf explants taken from in vitro-grown plants were used to induce direct somatic embryogenesis on a modified 1/2 MS medium supplemented with five kinds of cytokinins, 2iP, BA, kinetin, TDZ and zeatin at 0.3, 1 and 3 mg l−1 in darkness. TDZ at 3 mg l−1 gave the highest percentage of explants with somatic globular embryos after 90 days of culture. It was found that 2,4-D and light regime highly retarded direct somatic embryogenesis and showed 95–100% of explant browning. Histological observations revealed that the leaf cells divided into meristematic cells firstly, followed by somatic proembryos, and then somatic globular embryos. Eventually, somatic embryos developed a bipolar structure with the shoot apical meristem and the root meristem. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants was asynchronously. The somatic embryos were found on the leaf tip, the adaxial surface and also the mesophyll through a cleft, and it reflected the heterogeneity of the explant. The 90-day-old globular embryos were detached from the parent explants and transferred onto a hormone-free 1/2 MS medium in light condition for about 1 month to obtain 1-cm-height plantlets. After another 3 months for growth, the plantlets were potted with Sphagnum moss and were acclimatized in a shaded greenhouse. After 1 month of culture, the survival rate was 100%.ConclusionsIn this report, a protocol for efficient regenerating a Tolumnia orchid, Louise Elmore ‘Elsa’, was established via direct somatic embryogenesis and might reveal an alternative approach for mass propagation of Tolumnia genus in orchid industry.

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“…Cytokinins are known to stimulate cells and, as such, they are also suitable candidates for induction of somatic embryogenesis and caulogenesis (Deo et al, 2010). For example, thidiazuron (TDZ) has been reported to stimulate in vitro somatic embryogenesis (Srangsam and Kanchanapoom, 2003;Mithila et al, 2003;Lin et al, 2004;Chen and Chang, 2006;Mahendran and Bai, 2016;Mose et al, 2017). Cytokinins have been reported to induce callus formation in cassava (Faye et al, 2015;Mongomake et al, 2015) and in Vitex doniana (Dadjo et al, 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Different Concentrations Of Cytokinins and Auxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Callus induction in three mosaic disease resistant cassava cultivars in Benin and genetic stability of the induced calli using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers

Sessou¹,

Kahia²,

Ateka³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The effect of different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), benzyl amino purine (BAP), kinetin and 2,4dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) on callus induction in three elite cassava cultivars (agric-rouge, atinwewe and agblehoundo) was evaluated. Leaf explants harvested from greenhouse-grown cassava were sterilised using different concentrations of commercial bleach commonly called Jik (3.85% NaOCl) at different time intervals. The highest number (94%) of clean explants was obtained when 2% (v/v) Jik was used for 15 min. The explants were cultured in half MS media supplemented with different growth regulators TDZ, BAP, kinetin 2, 4-D, 100 mg/l myo inositol, 2% sucrose and gelled with 0.3% phytagel. Callus formation was observed from the cut edges of the leaves in all cultivars after 10 days in medium supplemented with TDZ, 12 days in BAP medium, and 15 days in kinetin medium. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in callus formation among all cytokinins types and concentrations. However, there were no significant differences in callus formation in different 2,4-D concentrations. All 2,4-D concentrations produced 100% callus in all the cultivars. However, 2,4-D at 2 µM significantly produced the highest (2.48±0.30) callus weight in cultivar atinwewe. Furthermore, simple sequence repeats (SSR) and sequence-characterized amplified region of the induced calli on TDZ and 2,4-D media indicated the loss of CMD2 gene among induced calli compared to the mother plants.

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Direct somatic embryogenesis of Malaxis densiflora (A. Rich.) Kuntze

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Direct and Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Camellia oleifera Abel

Direct and Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Camellia oleifera Abel

Plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Tolumnia Louise Elmore ‘Elsa’

Callus induction in three mosaic disease resistant cassava cultivars in Benin and genetic stability of the induced calli using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers

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