Direct urine analysis for the identification and quantification of selected benzodiazepines for toxicology screening

Karampela, Sevasti; Vardakou, Ioanna; Papoutsis, Ioannis; Dona, Artemis; Spiliopoulou, Chara; Athanaselis, Sotiris; Pistos, Constantinos

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.012

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The supernatant was directly injected to HPLC system. In various methods, we see such a simple pretreatment step for analysis of some chemical substances in urine samples [6][7][8].…”

Section: Assay Procedures For Urine Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Phenol and p-Cresol in Human Urine by an HPLC Method

Tekkeli

Kızıltaş

Dincel

et al. 2016

Acta Chromatographica

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Summary. Introduction:In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), uremic toxins accumulate in blood and cannot be excreted with urine. Accumulation of these toxins has negative effects on many body functions. Because of the importance of these toxins, we developed and validated a simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise method for the determination of two main uremic toxins: phenol and p-cresol in human urine. Materials and methods: Separation of these analytes in urine samples was achieved by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a C18 column at 35 °C using the mobile phase of methanol-water (65:35) at a flow rate of 1.4 mL min −1 . Fluorimetric detection was used at 284 nm for excitation and 310 nm for emission. Results: The method is linear over the range of 1.5-35 ng mL −1 and 1-45 ng mL −1 for phenol and p-cresol, respectively. The method was applied to urine samples from 10 healthy subjects and 10 chronic kidney disease patients. Conclusions: This assay appears to be useful in routine analysis of clinical samples for simultaneous determination of phenol and p-cresol levels in urine.

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“…The supernatant was directly injected to HPLC system. In various methods, we see such a simple pretreatment step for analysis of some chemical substances in urine samples [6][7][8].…”

Section: Assay Procedures For Urine Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Phenol and p-Cresol in Human Urine by an HPLC Method

Tekkeli

Kızıltaş

Dincel

et al. 2016

Acta Chromatographica

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“…It is rapidly absorbed and has a bioavailability of around 80-100% [4][2]. This molecule can be determined by a number of different methods such as: UV-VIS [5], TLC [6], GC-MS [7], LC-EI-MS [8][9], LC-MS-MS [1], HPLC-TOF/MS [10] in different materials such as: pharmaceutical formulations [5], human plasma [8][9], oral fluids [10], hair [7], blood [11], urine [2], etc. The stability of pharmaceutical molecules is a matter of great worry as it influences the safety and efficacy of the drug product [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Short Term Photostability of Alprazolam Drug

Berisha¹,

Baxhaku²,

Sheqerxhiu³

et al. 2017

RadJ

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Abstract. Alprazolam is a widely prescribed sedative and antidepressant benzodiazepine (BDZ) drug which belongs to the class of anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic anticonvulsants. It is believed that alprazolam (ALP) is more fairly safe and it rapidly reduces the symptoms of anxiety through the control of the central nervous system (CNS) excitability by a selective and potent enhancement of inhibitory gammaamino butyric acid (GABA) mediated neurotransmission. Accelerated photochemical stability of alprazolam was performed under several conditions. The study involved the evaluation of the photostability of Alprazolam in active mater, in PVC/Aluminum blister packet (BPT) or without blister packet tablets (WBPT). The evaluation of the stability was performed using special stability test chambers at 60% controlled humidity, temperature and UV irradiation. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the content of the Alprazolam before and after UV irradiation. The obtained results for the short term photostability study do not show any significant degradation of this molecule by the UV irradiation in active mater and this holds true for the BPT or WBPT, independent of the Alprazolam content (0.25 or 0.50 mg).

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“…Alternative screening using chromatographic methods with mass spectrometry detection offers a powerful complement to immunochemical assays in clinical testing and is often the best method in forensic, clinical toxicology, and doping control applications [15–17]. There is a preference for using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with MS. Reports of screening or detecting abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances using LC tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode are available [5,9,15,16,18–25], however, there are still no reported studies concerning simultaneous identification of multiple abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substance in urine by LC–MS/MS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous identification of abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances in urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Lee

Lin

et al. 2016

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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A literature search reveals no studies concerning simultaneous identification of commonly abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances in urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous identification of multiple abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances in urine from suspected drug abusers. The instrument was operated in multiple-reaction monitoring using an electrospray ionization mode. Chromatograms were separated using an ACE5 C18 column on a gradient of acetonitrile. After liquid-liquid extraction, samples were passed through a 0.22-μm polyvinylidene difluoride filter before injection into the LC-MS/MS. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.5 ng/mL to 31.3 ng/mL. The linearity ranged from 0.5 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL. The precision results were below 15.4% (intraday) and 18.7% (interday). The intraday accuracy ranged from 85.9% to 121.0%; interday accuracy ranged from 66.1% to 128.7%. The proposed method was applied to 769 urine samples. The most common three drugs identified were ketamine, amphetamine, and opiates. The drug positive rate for one or more drugs was 79.6%. Our results demonstrate the suitability of the LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous identification of multiple abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances in urine.

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Direct urine analysis for the identification and quantification of selected benzodiazepines for toxicology screening

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Simultaneous Determination of Phenol and p-Cresol in Human Urine by an HPLC Method

Simultaneous Determination of Phenol and p-Cresol in Human Urine by an HPLC Method

Evaluation of the Short Term Photostability of Alprazolam Drug

Simultaneous identification of abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances in urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

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