Diretivas antecipadas de vontade aos doentes terminais: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Objective: characterizing the national and international scientifi c literature about the advanced directives of living will as applied to the terminally ill patient. Method: integrative review considering the articles published in Portal Capes, SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, Journal of Bioethics and Bioethikos, with the descriptors: Advanced directives, Wills regarding life and Advance Directives, Living Will and Terminally Ill, totaling 44 articles submitted to content analysis. Results: three categories emerged: Students and professionals facing the advance directives of living will: Perceptions, opinions and practices; Patient's receptivity to the Advance Directives of Living Will; The family facing the advance directives of living will. Conclusion: the relevance of the topic became evident as a guarantee of respect for the dignity and autonomy of the patient, as well as to reduce ethical confl icts faced by families and health professionals facing care at the end of life. Keywords: Advance Directives; Terminally Ill; Living Will; Personal Autonomy. RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar a produção científi ca nacional e internacional sobre as diretivas antecipadas de vontade aplicadas ao doente terminal. Método: a revisão integrativa, incluindo os artigos publicados no Portal Capes, SCIELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, Revista de Bioética e Bioethikos, a partir dos descritores: Diretivas antecipadas, Testamentos quanto à vida, Advance Directives, Living Will e Terminally Ill totalizando 44 artigos submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: Estudantes e profi ssionais frente às diretivas antecipadas de vontade: percepções, opiniões e condutas; Receptividade dos pacientes às diretivas antecipadas de vontade; A família diante das diretivas antecipadas de vontade. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a relevância do tema como garantidor do respeito à dignidade e à autonomia do doente, bem como para a redução dos confl itos éticos enfrentados pelos familiares e profi ssionais da saúde frente aos cuidados em fi nal de vida. Descritores: Diretivas Antecipadas; Doente Terminal; Testamentos Quanto à Vida; Autonomia Pessoal. RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar la literatura científi ca nacional e internacional acerca de las directivas anticipadas de voluntad aplicadas a los enfermos terminales. Método: la revisión integradora fue el método utilizado, teniendo en cuenta los artículos publicados en el Portal Capes, SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, Revista de Bioética y Bioethikos, con los descriptores: Directivas anticipadas, Testamentos en cuanto a la vida y Advance Directives, Living Will e Terminally Ill con 44 artículos sometidos al análisis de contenido. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías: Estudiantes y profesionales frente a las directivas anticipadas de voluntad: percepciones, opiniones y conductas; La receptividad de los pacientes a las directivas anticipadas de voluntad; La familia frente a las directivas anticipadas de voluntad. Conclusion: és evidente la importancia del tema como garantia del respeto de la dignidad y ...

Are advance directives helpful for good end of life decision making: a cross sectional survey of health professionals

“…End of life issues remain quite sensitive and are rarely approached by scientific researchers in Lithuania. Accordingly, the need for empirical studies in the early stages of the discussion of a national AD policy is one of the most important discussions in recent scientific literature [11, 12]. …”

Advance directives of will: nurses' perceptions of benefits and new demands

“…According to them, recognizing their vulnerabilities and understanding them is a great step in contributing to the process of death and dying in a more constructive way. 18,6 Advance directives of will Saioron I, Ramos FRS, Schneider DG, Silveira RS, Silveira LR …”

“…For this, it is necessary that clear laws and regulations be drafted so that the self-management of the body and life as a whole, including the death process, is understood, accepted and respected. 4,6 It is believed that such conduct may facilitate the acceptance of terminality as a phase of human existence.…”

“…It is a documentary record in which the individual manifests the procedures that he or she would like to be submitted under certain circumstances, expressing their will about them. [6][7][8] Through this documentation, the individual is able to make explicit his/hers desires if he/she is unable to manifest his/hers will in the future due to illness.…”

“…Its purpose was to protect the individual's right to die, solving conflicts between doctors, terminal patients and family members about the decision-making of treatments in the face of terminality. 6,7,9,10 This valorization of freedom of choice in the face of disease and its own terminality has fostered and still fosters contradictory situations in the face of the legislations of occidental countries that traditionally have the primary objective of protecting human life. While it is possible to identify a growing appreciation of individuals' freedom and protagonism over their respective lives and deaths, it occurs in a process of slowness, fomenting differences in society.…”