In recent years, with the continuous development of the ceramic industry, the problem of Product defect has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, this article conducted recognition research on Dehua porcelain through image processing technology. Firstly, the background and research significance of this article were elaborated; Secondly, a detailed analysis was conducted on the detection technology and application status of powder and particle size in ceramic processing; Next, the principle and implementation process of defect recognition based on machine vision were elaborated, and experimental results were compared and error corrected. At the same time, improved algorithms were proposed to improve identification accuracy; Finally, this paper tests the performance of the porcelain Product defect recognition model, and the test results show that the resource occupancy rate of this model is between 2% and 4%, and the defect recognition rate is relatively high, which can meet the demand. Compared with the traditional visual inspection, the defect recognition method based on image processing can realize the automatic detection process. It can improve production efficiency and reduce the impact of human errors and subjective judgments. This method can identify the defects of Dehua porcelain products in real time and reduce the time and labor cost of traditional detection methods.