Discharge Planning in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Ashley, S.; Ashley, Mark J.

doi:10.1201/noe0849313622.ch24

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“… 59 , 60 Policies requiring seat belts, appropriate use of car seats, and helmets for cyclists can greatly reduce the risk of traumatic brain injury following road injuries. 61 Timely hospital care and ongoing rehabilitation services are necessary to minimize the long-term health burden of traumatic brain injury, 62 , 63 although optimal approaches are still in development. 64 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Importance Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health. Objective To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion. Evidence Review Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss. Findings Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries. Conclusions and Relevance Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progr...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A 2002 study by Schulman et al23 estimated the direct and indirect cost burden associated with nonuniversal use of bicycle helmets in the 50 states of the US. The study analyzed the emergency department records from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) using 1993–1995 data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Runge et al20 estimated annual direct cost burden of TBI (mild, moderate, and severe) to be $302 million (2009 prices), whereas Schulman et al23 estimated the same direct cost burden as $98 million or $2.8 billion (indirect costs; 2009 prices). Worthington et al29 estimated cost savings of between £863,000 and £1.190,000 admitted within 12 months of injury; £539,000–£755,000 admitted within 2 years of injury; and £388,000–£539,000 for admissions after 2 years (2009 prices) for all types of TBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The costs of traumatic brain injury: a literature review

Humphreys¹,

Wood²,

Phillips³

et al. 2013

CEOR

262

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to review the literature relating to the psychosocial costs associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsNine online journal databases, including MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and PUBMED, were queried for studies between July 2010 and May 2012 pertaining to the economic burden of head injuries. Additional studies were identified through searching bibliographies of related publications and using Google internet search engine.ResultsOne hundred and eight potentially relevant abstracts were identified from the journal databases. Ten papers were chosen for discussion in this review. All but two of the chosen papers were US studies. The studies included a cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of treatment guidelines from the US brain trauma foundation and a cost-effectiveness analysis of post-acute traumatic brain injury rehabilitation.ConclusionVery little research has been published on the economic burden that mild and moderate traumatic brain injury patients pose to their families, careers, and society as a whole. Further research is needed to estimate the economic burden of these patients on healthcare providers and social services and how this can impact current health policies and practices.

show abstract

“…Dopamine is an immediate precursor of norepinephrine. The synthesis of dopamine can be increased by giving DOPA (Smith and Busracamwongs 2003 ; Ashley and Krych 1995 ). There are many studies, in which patients have been treated successfully by using dopamine blocking drugs such as metochlopromide and chlorpromazine (Smith and Busracamwongs 2003 ) which supports the evidence that dopamine acts as the central neurotransmitter.…”

Section: Neurotransmitters Targets In Hiccupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitters in hiccups

Nausheen¹,

Mohsin²,

Lakhan³

2016

SpringerPlus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hiccups are the sudden involuntary contractions of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. They are generally benign and self-limited, however, in some cases they are chronic and debilitating. There are approximately 4000 admissions for hiccups each year in the United States. The hiccup reflex arc is composed of three components: (1) an afferent limb including the phrenic, vagus, and sympathetic nerves, (2) the central processing unit in the midbrain, and (3) the efferent limb carrying motor fibers to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Hiccups may be idiopathic, organic, psychogenic, or medication-induced. Data obtained largely from case studies of hiccups either induced by or treated with medications have led to hypotheses on the neurotransmitters involved. The central neurotransmitters implicated in hiccups include GABA, dopamine, and serotonin, while the peripheral neurotransmitters are epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and histamine. Further studies are needed to characterize the nature of neurotransmitters at each anatomical level of the reflex arc to better target hiccups pharmacologically.

show abstract

Discharge Planning in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015

Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015

The costs of traumatic brain injury: a literature review

Neurotransmitters in hiccups

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About