Discourse, Expertise, and the Management of Risk in Health Care Settings

Candlin, Christopher N.; Candlin, Sally

doi:10.1207/s15327973rlsi3502_1

Cited by 67 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such an approach may also be found in the workplace, for example, within the field of health (Candlin and Candlin 2002). In France, an interdisciplinary group of researchers created the "Langage et travail" net twenty years ago.…”

Section: Sociolinguisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in terminology

Condamines

2010

TERM

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Variations in terminologyApplication to the management of risks related to language use in the workplace Anne CondaminesThe study of variation in terminology came to the fore over the last fifteen years in connection with advances in textual terminology. This new approach to terminology could be a way of improving the management of risk related to language use in the workplace and to contribute to the definition of a "linguistics of the workplace". As a theoretical field of study, linguistics has hardly found any application in the workplace. Two of its applied branches, however, Sociolinguistics and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are relevant. Both deal with lexical phenomena, -i.e. terminology -sociolinguistics taking into account very subtle inter-individual variations and NLP being more interested in stability in the use. So, taking into account variations in building terminologies could be a means of considering both description and prescription, use and norm. This approach to terminology, which has been made possible thanks to NLP and Knowledge Engineering could be a way of meeting needs in the workplace concerning risk management related to language use.

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Section: Sociolinguisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in terminology

Condamines

2010

TERM

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“…Communication with laypersons has become an integral part of the professional competence of many experts, such as in doctor-patient interaction, computer consultation, or business management (e.g., Bromme et al 2005b;Candlin and Candlin 2002;Nückles and Bromme 2002). Up to now, however, comparatively little attention has been paid to how experts share their knowledge with people who have less expertise (Cramton 2001;Hinds and Pfeffer 2003).…”

Section: Experts' Assumptions Of What Laypersons Knowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is underestimation less detrimental than overestimation? The impact of experts’ beliefs about a layperson’s knowledge on learning and question asking

2007

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Although prior research has shown that experts tend to overestimate or underestimate what laypersons actually know, little is known about the specific consequences of biased estimations for communication. To investigate the impact of biased estimations of a layperson's knowledge on the effectiveness of experts' explanations, we conducted a web-based dialog experiment with 45 pairs of experts and laypersons. We manipulated the experts' mental model of the layperson by presenting them either valid information about the layperson's knowledge or information that was biased towards overestimation or underestimation. Results showed that the experts adopted the biased estimations and adapted their explanations accordingly. Consequently, the laypersons' learning from the experts' explanations was impaired when the experts overestimated or underestimated the layperson's knowledge. In addition, laypersons whose knowledge was overestimated more often generated questions that reflected comprehension problems. Laypersons whose knowledge was underestimated asked mainly for additional information previously not addressed in the explanations. The results suggest that underestimating a learner during the instructional dialog is as detrimental to learning as is the overestimation of a learner's knowledge. Thus, the provision of effective explanations presupposes an accurate mental model of the learner's knowledge prerequisites.

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“…The power of the medical actor over the patient has been analyzed as an instrumental coercion of the patient throughout the life-course, from prenatal development to maturation to death (Hick, 1999;Goldstein, 2003;Harley, 1994;Willems, 2000). Coordinated with power over patients is the discourse of "expertise" which operates to justify this exercise of power (Rawlinson, 1987;Candlin & Candlin, 2002;Cheek & Rudge, 1994). Although reference is made to discourse, the materiality of power over patients is central to these analyses.…”

Section: Past Practice Of Foucauldian Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Care of the Self and American Physicians' Place in the "War on Terror": A Foucauldian Reading of Senator Bill Frist, M.D.

Bates

2006

NJMP

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American physicians are increasingly concerned that they are losing professional control. Other analysts of medical power argue that physicians have too much power. This essay argues that current analyses are grounded in a structuralist reading of power. Deploying Michel Foucault's "care of the self" and rhetorician Raymie McKerrow's "critical rhetoric," this essay claims that medical power is better understood as a way that medical actors take on power through rhetoric rather than a force that has power over medical actors. Through a close reading of an essay by Senator Bill Frist, this paper argues that physicians experience a process of "subjection" wherein they are both agents of and objects of medical power as it is combined with state and corporate power in the American "war on terror." This alternative mode of analyzing medical power has implications for our collective understanding of its operations and the means by which we propose alternative enactments of medical power.

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Discourse, Expertise, and the Management of Risk in Health Care Settings

Cited by 67 publications

References 33 publications

Variations in terminology

Variations in terminology

Is underestimation less detrimental than overestimation? The impact of experts’ beliefs about a layperson’s knowledge on learning and question asking

Care of the Self and American Physicians' Place in the "War on Terror": A Foucauldian Reading of Senator Bill Frist, M.D.

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