Discovering chronic pain treatments: better animal models might help us get there

Taylor, Norman E.; Ferrari, Luiz F.

doi:10.1172/jci167814

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition, disruption of sleep homeostatic processes leads to higher stress vulnerability and is often associated with stress-related psychiatric disorders. In clinical practice, chronic pain patients are often associated with anxiety and depression [115], and the Cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) model is the most classical and commonly used pain model. Its pain characteristics are very similar to neuropathic pain, including spontaneous and triggered pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Liu,

Chen,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Neurological-related disorders are diseases that affect the body’s neurons or peripheral nerve tissue, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The development of neurological disorders can cause serious harm to the quality of life and functioning of the patient. The use of traditional therapeutic agents such as dopamine-promoting drugs, anticholinergic drugs, cholinesterase inhibitors, and NMDA receptor antagonists is often accompanied by a series of side effects such as drug resistance, cardiac arrhythmia, liver function abnormalities, and blurred vision. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a therapeutic drug with a high safety profile and few side effects. Herbal medicines are rich in active ingredients that are natural macromolecules. Ginsenoside is the main active ingredient of ginseng, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is considered to have potential value in the treatment of human diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1 have strong pharmacological activities in the nervous system, with protective effects on nerve cells, improved resistance to neuronal injury, modulation of neural activity, resistance to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improvement of brain damage after eclampsia hemorrhage, improvement of memory and cognitive deficits, treatment of AD and vascular dementia, alleviation of anxiety, pain, and inhibition of ionic-like behavior. In this article, we searched the pharmacological research literature of Rg2 and Rh1 in the field of neurological diseases, summarized the latest research progress of the two ginsenosides, and reviewed the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Rg2 and Rh1, which provided a new way of thinking for the research of the active ingredients in ginseng anti-neurological diseases and the development of new drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Liu,

Chen,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Is chronic pain caused by central sensitization? A review and critical point of view

Velasco,

Flores-Cortés,

Guerra-Armas

et al. 2024

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Making sense of feelings

Key,

Brown

2024

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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Internal feeling states such as pain, hunger, and thirst are widely assumed to be drivers of behaviours essential for homeostasis and animal survival. Call this the ‘causal assumption’. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the causal assumption is incompatible with the standard view of motor action in neuroscience. While there is a well-known explanatory gap between neural activity and feelings, there is also a disjuncture in the reverse direction—what role, if any, do feelings play in animals if not to cause behaviour? To deny that feelings cause behaviours might thus seem to presage epiphenomenalism—the idea that subjective experiences, including feelings, are inert, emergent and, on some views, non-physical properties of brain processes. Since epiphenomenalism is antagonistic to fundamental commitments of evolutionary biology, the view developed here challenges the standard view about the function of feelings without denying that feelings have a function. Instead, we introduce the ‘sense making sense’ hypothesis—the idea that the function of subjective experience is not to cause behaviour, but to explain, in a restricted but still useful sense of ‘explanation’. A plausible framework is derived that integrates commonly accepted neural computations to blend motor control, feelings, and explanatory processes to make sense of the way feelings are integrated into our sense of how and why we do and what we do.

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Discovering chronic pain treatments: better animal models might help us get there

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Is chronic pain caused by central sensitization? A review and critical point of view

Making sense of feelings

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