Discovery and biological evaluation of dispirocyclic and polycyclicent-clerodane dimers fromIsodon scopariusas novel inhibitors of Toll-like receptor signaling

Abstract

Scoparicacids A–C (1–3), three novel ent-clerodane dimers with an unprecedented dispirocyclic 6/6/5/6/6 and hexacyclic 6/6/5/6/5/6 ring systems, were isolated from Isodon scoparius. A biomimetic synthesis of 3 was achieved using...

Clerodane diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory and synergistic antibacterial activities from Tinospora crispa

“…2 Clerodane diterpenoids are isolated from a wide range of plants with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, antiviral and other biological activities. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Approximately 25% of clerodanes have an H-10/H 3 -19 cis ring fusion and are typically produced from the Menispermaceae family; 9 for example, tinosinenoside A and B, tinospinoside D and E and cordifolide A-C were obtained from the genus Tinospora of the Menispermaceae family. [10][11][12] Tinospora crispa, belonging to the genus Tinospora of the Menispermaceae family, is rich in clerodane diterpenoids and has attracted considerable attention.…”

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“…The structure of the clerodane diterpene dimer scoparicacid A 5 , from Isodon scoparius , was confirmed by X-ray analysis. 5 A biosynthetic pathway to scoparicacid A 5 , involving a hetero-Diels–Alder cycloaddition, ring-cleavage and spiroacetal formation steps, has been proposed. Leptotriene 6 is a sesquiterpene with a new skeleton from males of the leaffooted bugs Leptoglossus zonatus and L. occidentalis .…”