Discovery of a radio-emitting neutron star with an ultra-long spin period of 76 s

Caleb, M.; Heywood, Ian; Rajwade, Kaustubh; Malenta, Mateusz; Stappers, B. W.; Barr, E. D.; Chen, W.; Morello, Vincent; Sanidas, Sotiris; Eijnden, J. van den; Krämer, M.; Buckley, D.; Brink, Janus D.; Motta, S.; Woudt, P. A.; Weltevrede, P.; Jankowski, F.; Surnis, Mayuresh; Buchner, S.; Bezuidenhout, Mechiel Christiaan; Driessen, Laura; Fender, R. P.

doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01688-x

Cited by 103 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…´--P 2.25 10 s s 13 1 (Caleb et al 2022). From the timing analysis, a dispersion measure of DM = 52 ± 1 pc cm −3 has been derived, which translates into a distance of ∼0.4 kpc.…”

Section: The 76 S Magnetar: Psr J0901-4046mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two radio pulsars, PSR J1903+0433 (Han et al 2021) and PSR J0250+5854 (Tan et al 2018), have been recently discovered with periods of 14 s and 23 s, respectively. Moreover, a ∼76 s radio pulsar with a magnetic field of B ∼ 1.3 × 10 14 G (PSR J0901-4046, Caleb et al 2022) and a peculiar radio transient with a periodicity of ∼1091 s (GLEAM-X J162759. 5-523504.3;Hurley-Walker et al 2022b) have been discovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-period Pulsars as Possible Outcomes of Supernova Fallback Accretion

Ronchi

Rea

Graber

et al. 2022

ApJ

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For about half a century, the radio pulsar population was observed to spin in the ∼0.002–12 s range, with different pulsar classes having a spin-period evolution that differs substantially depending on their magnetic fields or past accretion history. The recent detection of several slowly rotating pulsars has reopened the long-standing question of the exact physics, and observational biases, driving the upper bound of the period range of the pulsar population. In this work, we perform a parameter study of the spin-period evolution of pulsars interacting with supernova fallback matter and specifically look at the fallback accretion disk scenario. Depending on the initial conditions at formation, this evolution can differ substantially from the typical dipolar spin-down, resulting in pulsars that show spin periods longer than their coeval peers. By using general assumptions for the pulsar spin period and magnetic field at birth, initial fallback accretion rates, and including magnetic field decay, we find that very long spin periods (≳100 s) can be reached in the presence of strong, magnetar-like magnetic fields (≳1014 G) and moderate initial fallback accretion rates (∼1022−1027 g s−1). In addition, we study the cases of two recently discovered periodic radio sources, the pulsar PSR J0901–4046 (P = 75.9 s) and the radio transient GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3 (P = 1091 s), in light of our model. We conclude that the supernova fallback scenario could represent a viable channel to produce a population of long-period isolated pulsars that only recent observation campaigns are starting to unveil.

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“…´--P 2.25 10 s s 13 1 (Caleb et al 2022). From the timing analysis, a dispersion measure of DM = 52 ± 1 pc cm −3 has been derived, which translates into a distance of ∼0.4 kpc.…”

Section: The 76 S Magnetar: Psr J0901-4046mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-period Pulsars as Possible Outcomes of Supernova Fallback Accretion

Ronchi

Rea

Graber

et al. 2022

ApJ

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“…A new parameter space for search is now open after the discoveries of many interesting long period pulsars like J2251−3711 (12 s pulsar, Morello et al (2020b)), J0250+5854 (23.5 s pulsar, Tan et al (2018)) and J0901−4046 (76 s pulsar, Caleb et al (2022)). Many of the long period pulsars are discovered in single pulse search (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GMRT High Resolution Southern Sky Survey for pulsars and transients $-$ IV: Discovery of 4 new pulsars with an FFA search

Singh¹,

Roy²,

Bhattacharyya³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The fast Fourier transform (FFT) based periodicity search methods provide an efficient way to search for millisecond and binary pulsars but encounter significant sensitivity degradation while searching for long period and short duty cycle pulsars. An alternative to FFT-based search methods called the Fast Folding Algorithm (FFA) search, provides superior sensitivity to search for signals with long periods and short duty cycles. In the GMRT High Resolution Southern Sky (GHRSS) survey, we are using an FFA-based pipeline to search for isolated pulsars in a period range of 100 ms to 100 s. We have processed 2800 degree 2 of the sky coverage away from the Galactic plane and discovered 6 new pulsars. Here, we report the discovery of 4 of these pulsars with the FFA search pipeline. This includes a narrow duty cycle pulsar, J1936−30, which shows nulling behavior with an extreme nulling fraction of ∼ 90%. Two of the GHRSS discoveries from the FFA search lie in narrow duty cycle ranges beyond the limit of the existing population. The implementation of FFA search in the GHRSS survey and other pulsar surveys is expected to recover the missing population of long period and short duty cycle pulsars.

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“…We therefore may not necessarily expect the field to substantially decay before the merger, and a portion of NS mergers likely contain a highly magnetized neutron star as required for bright FRB-like emission during the inspiral 4.1. The possibility that high magnetic field neutron stars may retain strong fields for at least 10-100s Myrs is bolstered by recent discoveries of ultra-long period magnetars (Hurley-Walker et al 2022;Caleb et al 2022), as well as theoretical work on spin period evolution of highly magnetized neutron stars (Beniamini et al 2020(Beniamini et al , 2022.…”

Section: Binary Evolution Of Highly Magnetized Ns Mergersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prompt radio observations of the localisation region began 30 minutes post-merger (Callister et al 2017), therefore radio emission mechanisms related to the inspiral or merger itself were not probed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsar revival in neutron star mergers: multi-messenger prospects for the discovery of pre-merger coherent radio emission

Cooper¹,

Gupta²,

Wadiasingh³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We investigate pre-merger coherent radio emission from neutron star mergers arising due to the magnetospheric interaction between compact objects. We consider two plausible radiation mechanisms, and show that if one neutron star has a surface magnetic field 𝐵 s ≥ 10 12 G, coherent millisecond radio bursts with characteristic temporal morphology and inclination angle dependence are observable to Gpc distances with next-generation radio facilities. We explore multi-messenger and multi-wavelength methods of identification of a NS merger origin of radio bursts, such as in fast radio burst surveys, triggered observations of gamma-ray bursts and gravitational wave events, and optical/radio follow-up of fast radio bursts in search of kilonova and radio afterglow emission. We present our findings for current and future observing facilities, and make recommendations for verifying or constraining the model.

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Discovery of a radio-emitting neutron star with an ultra-long spin period of 76 s

Cited by 103 publications

References 70 publications

Long-period Pulsars as Possible Outcomes of Supernova Fallback Accretion

Long-period Pulsars as Possible Outcomes of Supernova Fallback Accretion

The GMRT High Resolution Southern Sky Survey for pulsars and transients $-$ IV: Discovery of 4 new pulsars with an FFA search

Pulsar revival in neutron star mergers: multi-messenger prospects for the discovery of pre-merger coherent radio emission

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