Discovery of Quark-Gluon Plasma: Strangeness Diaries

Rafelski, Johann

doi:10.1140/epjst/e2019-900263-x

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…For experimental evidence (RHIC, LHC) in support of QGP, as a super-liquid which is produced in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, see Refs. [137][138][139]. The experimental data show that quarks, anti-quarks, and gluons flow independently in this super-liquid.…”

Section: The Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

The de Sitter group and its representations: a window on the notion of de Sitterian elementary systems

Enayati,

Gazeau,

Pejhan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We review the construction of ("free") elementary systems in de Sitter (dS) spacetime, in the Wigner sense, as associated with unitary irreducible representations (UIR's) of the dS (relativity) group. This study emphasizes the conceptual issues arising in the formulation of such systems and discusses known results in a mathematically rigorous way. Particular attention is paid to: "smooth" transition from classical to quantum theory; physical content under vanishing curvature, from the point of view of a local ("tangent") Minkowskian observer; and thermal interpretation (on the quantum level), in the sense of the Gibbons-Hawking temperature. We review three decompositions of the dS group physically relevant for the description of dS spacetime and classical phase spaces of elementary systems living on it. We review the construction of (projective) dS UIR's issued from these group decompositions. (Projective) Hilbert spaces carrying the UIR's (in some restricted sense) identify quantum ("one-particle") states spaces of dS elementary systems. Adopting a well-established Fock procedure, based on the Wightman-Gärding axiomatic and on analyticity requirements in the complexified Riemannian manifold, we proceed with a consistent quantum field theory (QFT) formulation of elementary systems in dS spacetime. This dS QFT formulation closely parallels the corresponding Minkowskian one, while the usual spectral condition is replaced by a certain geometric Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) condition equivalent to a precise thermal manifestation of the associated "vacuum" states. We end our study by reviewing a consistent and univocal definition of mass in dS relativity. This definition, presented in terms of invariant parameters characterizing the dS UIR's, accurately gives sense to terms like "massive" and "massless" fields in dS relativity according to their Minkowskian counterparts, yielded by the group contraction procedures. Contents

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Section: The Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

The de Sitter group and its representations: a window on the notion of de Sitterian elementary systems

Enayati,

Gazeau,

Pejhan

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In theoretical physics, the Hagedorn temperature (Gaździcki & Gorenstein, 2016), TH, corresponds to the temperature where the hadron is no longer stable and must either evaporate or convert to quark matter. Therefore, TH can be considered to be the boiling point of the hadron (Rafelski, 2020).…”

Section: Quark-gluon Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Elementary Dimensions in the Creation of the Source of Elementary Particles

Sirdy

2020

UKH J SCI ENG

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It is agreed that before the creation of particles, space was completely devoid of matter and radiation. In this study, we assume that the absolute void comprises 4 dimensions, namely 3 spatial dimensions and a force equivalent representing the factor of change among the elementary dimensions. Our hypothesis is based on the expansion of the spatial dimensions and the subsequent space instability. We demonstrated that when the equivalent outward force strength exceeds a critical limit, it collapses inwardly to restore the equilibrium of the system. Subsequently, the void inside the collapsed force equivalent acts as a void in a confined system, and the energy of the system remains conserved at all stages. With the decrease in the spatial dimensions owing to the collapse, the energy density increases, and at the final stage, the energy in the confined system becomes concentrated, thereby forming a solid state of energy. In this solid state of energy, a particle becomes the source of the elementary particles. The created high-energy sources are controlled by the internal and external forces of the source and all the entities in its external force field until equilibrium is reached. This article gives a summary of the Big Bang theory and its problems, which are further discussed in detail. This article will help in understanding how elementary dimensions play a role in the formation of elementary particles. Quark-gluon plasma, inflation, gravitational collapse, and gravitational lensing provide evidence that supports the elementary dimensions theory presented in this paper.

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“…Bose Einstein condensation in the cosmological context 382Since 1999 there is experimental evidence (RHIC, LHC) of the quark-gluon plasma 383 as a super-liquid which is produced in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, see for 384 instance[26,27] and the recent comprehensive historical account[28]. Measurements385 indicate that quarks, antiquarks and gluons flow independently in this liquid.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Dark Universe as the Ground State of our Quasi-Classical Quantum Cosmology

Cohen-Tannoudji¹,

Gazeau²

2021

Preprint

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In the same way as the realization of some of the famous gedanken experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics has recently led to the current renewal of the interpretation of quantum physics, it seems that the most recent progresses of observational astrophysics can be interpreted as the realization of some cosmological gedanken experiments such as the removal from the universe of the whole visible matter or the cosmic time travel leading to a new cosmological standard model. This standard model involves two dark components of the universe, dark energy and dark matter. Whereas dark energy is usually associated with the cosmological constant, we propose to interpret dark matter in terms of a pure vibration energy due to positive curvature and held by quarks and/or by a gluon Bose Einstein condensate accompanying baryonic matter at the hadronization transition from the quark gluon plasma phase to the colorless hadronic phase. Such an interpretation, partially based on mass formulae in terms of energy and spin in de Sitter and Anti de Sitter respectively, would comfort the idea that, apart from the violation of the matter/antimatter symmetry satisfying the Sakharov’s conditions, the reconciliation of particle physics and cosmology does not need the recourse to any ad hoc fields, particles or hidden variables.

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Discovery of Quark-Gluon Plasma: Strangeness Diaries

Cited by 31 publications

References 122 publications

The de Sitter group and its representations: a window on the notion of de Sitterian elementary systems

The de Sitter group and its representations: a window on the notion of de Sitterian elementary systems

The Role of Elementary Dimensions in the Creation of the Source of Elementary Particles

The Dark Universe as the Ground State of our Quasi-Classical Quantum Cosmology

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