Discovery on Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Selangor Reveals Carbapenemase Producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Marine and Freshwater Fish

Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium is often associated with fish and fishery products, thus causing gastroenteritis in humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. V. parahaemolyticus has become a globally well-known pathogen with yearly reported cases in many countries. This study aimed to discover the antibiotic resistance patterns of V. parahaemolyticus as well as detect Carbapenem resistant isolates from marine and freshwater fish in Selangor. A total of 240 freshwater and marine fish samples collected from wet market and supermarket in Selangor were tested for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus. All the fish samples were determined positive for V. parahaemolyticus using conventional microbiological culture-based method. The toxR gene were detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 165/240 (69%) isolates. The two-virulence factor of V. parahaemolyticus, thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh) was screened via PCR. As such, four isolates were trh+and none were tdh+. Majority of the isolates presented high resistance to ampicillin (88%), amikacin (64%), and kanamycin (50%). In addition, this study identified 19-imipenem resistant isolates isolated from freshwater and marine fish samples. Further analysis of these 19-imipenem resistant isolates revealed that the resistance toward imipenem was plasmid mediated after plasmid curing assay. The multiple antibiotics resistance index was >0.2 for 70% of the isolates. In summary, the results confirm the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in freshwater and marine fish samples in Selangor, Malaysia. To our best knowledge, this is the first report discovering the antibiotic resistant patterns and Carbapenem-resistant isolates of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from marine and freshwater fish samples in Selangor.

Resistome, Mobilome and Virulome Analysis of Shewanella algae and Vibrio spp. Strains Isolated in Italian Aquaculture Centers

“…It harbors a genome containing several MGEs such as plasmids, superintegrons and insertion sequences (ISs) carrying cargo genes, particularly resistance and virulence genes [21]. Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are generally used as antibiotic therapy in human vibriosis outbreaks [13,22] but, several cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) vibrios are reported in literature even to the last-resort antibiotics used in human medicine such as carbapenems [22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

The Bioprospecting of Anti-Vibrio Streptomyces species: Prevalence and Applications

“…Given the excessive use of antibiotics for the past few decades, the emergence and the ever-increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens is of a great concern in global health [27,[62][63][64] . Today, many of antibiotics have been totally restricted in agriculture and aquaculture of developed countries due to the enormous detrimental impacts on the environment [65,66] .…”

Comprehensive Genome Based Analysis ofVibrio parahaemolyticusfor Identifying Novel Drug and Vaccine Molecules: Subtractive Proteomics and Vaccinomics Approach

“…treatment (Sudha et al, 2014. Literature also reported higher resistance to third-generation antibiotics such as cephalosporin, cefotaxime, carbapenems and ceftazidime by V. parahaemolyticus isolates (Lee et al, 2018;Jun et al, 2012;Letchumanan et al, 2015) which enhanced the necessity of searching safe and more effective drugs for combating infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus in the future. However, the development of new antibiotics is difficult and time-consuming.…”