Discrete and continuous prepulses have differential effects on startle prepulse inhibition and skin conductance orienting

Wynn, Jonathan K.; Dawson, Michael E.; Schell, Anne M.

doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3720224

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This same non-linear relationship between prestimulus salience and perceptual intensity has been demonstrated with prepulse effects on pain (Blumenthal et al, 2001), and indeed, with prepulse effects on startle magnitude . Also, activation of both inhibitory and summation processes by prepulses in a prepulse-startle paradigm has been shown (Blumenthal & Levey, 1989;Wynn et al, 2000), with inhibition due to the onset transient aspects of the prepulse, and summation based on the steady-state body of the prepulse (increasing with increased duration, as in the PPIPSI finding of the present study).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In the present study, we assessed the relationship between PPIPSI and prepulse intensity, duration, and bandwidth. To the extent that PPIPSI provides information similar to that found with PPI of startle, we expected increased PPIPSI as prepulse intensity or duration increased to some asymptote (Blumenthal, 1995(Blumenthal, ,1996, and greater PPIPSI with broadband noise prepulses than with pure tone prepulses (Wynn et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effects of prepulse intensity, duration, and bandwidth on perceived intensity of startling acoustic stimuli

Swerdlow

Blumenthal

Sutherland

et al. 2007

Biological Psychology

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Intense abrupt stimuli can elicit a startle reflex; a weak "prepulse" 30-300 ms earlier can reduce both startle and perceived stimulus intensity. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle, an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, is used to understand brain disorders characterized by gating deficits. Compared to startle, PPI of perceived stimulus intensity (PPIPSI) may provide information that is distinct, and easier to acquire and analyze. To develop this experimental measure, we examined PPIPSI under different stimulus conditions. Both PPI and PPIPSI exhibited a non-linear relationship to prepulse intensity, with prepulses 15 dB(A) above background causing maximal inhibition of both measures. Fifty ms broadband noise prepulses produced maximal PPI and PPIPSI, whereas 5 and 20 ms pure tone prepulses produced maximal PPIPSI and PPI, respectively. PPIPSI is a robust, parametrically sensitive and "low tech" measure of sensory gating that may become a valuable tool for understanding the biology of certain mental disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of prepulse intensity, duration, and bandwidth on perceived intensity of startling acoustic stimuli

Swerdlow

Blumenthal

Sutherland

et al. 2007

Biological Psychology

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“…Discrete white noise prepulses were previously shown to produce significantly more PPI than either a discrete tone, a continuous tone, or a continuous white noise [19]. Similarly, Braff et al [13] reported that discrete white noise prepulses were most effective in eliciting PPI, and that this type of prepulse resulted in more pronounced PPI differences between normal control subjects and PPI-deficient clinical populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Attentional Modulation of Prepulse Inhibition: A New Startle Paradigm

et al. 2004

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There is increasing evidence for an influence of directed attention on prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. However, the existing paradigms for the assessment of this effect have methodological problems and pitfalls. In particular, most previous studies used a paradigm which directed the attention of subjects to the prepulse only. In the present study, we used a modified paradigm which directed the attention of the subjects both to the prepulse and the pulse. Twenty healthy male subjects were instructed trial by trial either to relax or to attend to the startle stimulus and decide whether it was a ‘simple’ (prepulse alone or pulse alone) or a ‘composite’ trial (pulse plus a prepulse or postpulse). Directed attention enhanced PPI at the lead interval of 240 ms, but not at the lead interval of 100 ms. This finding is in line with the idea that attention contributes to PPI when there is enough time for the attentional mechanisms to exert an influence. This new paradigm offers a valuable tool for the study of attentional modulation of sensorimotor gating in humans.

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“…17 17 During the last 2 decades, SC-OR has been frequently used to determine the OR component of a so-called prepulse, which has been applied to modify the human startle eyeblink reflex (Filion, Dawson, & Schell, 1998). Such a stimulus either terminates before, or continues up to, and sometimes beyond the startle stimulus (Wynn, Dawson, & Schell, 2000). It was hypothesized that a prolonged prepulse may elicit a generalized OR (Sect.…”

Section: Differentiation Between Orienting Defensive and Startle Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodermal Activity

Boucsein

2012

1,607

1,589

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except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword to the Second EditionAs noted by David Lykken in the foreword to the first edition of this book, electrodermal activity was observed for the first time in Germany. A quartercentury later the scientific study of psychology also originated in Germany. Over time, however, the focus of psychological research, including the then new field of psychophysiology, shifted to the United States and Great Britain. This trend to the dominance of the United States and Great Britain was prolonged by the devastation of World War II and its aftermath in Germany (and elsewhere in continental Europe). Slowly at first and then more rapidly, German psychological science, including psychophysiology, recovered. For several decades German psychophysiologists have been a major force in psychophysiology. With the publication of the first English edition of this book in 1992, it became essential for electrodermal researchers worldwide again to learn from our German colleagues.When I came into psychophysiology in the mid-1960s, electrodermal activity was the most common system studied. Because of its popularity, a large literature had emerged on the physiological mechanisms producing these changes in the electrical properties of the skin and on the best methodology for recording them. Major reviews and/or chapters had been published or soon were to be published by Peter Venables and Irene Martin, Robert Edelberg, and David Lykken. Later reviews and articles were published by Venables and Margaret Christie, and by me. A chapter in 1990 by Michael Dawson, Anne Schell, and Diane Filion was especially noteworthy for its coverage of the psychological applications of electrodermal measures.Note that all these publications were journal articles and chapters and that most of them focused almost entirely on mechanisms and methodology. The publication of this book, first in German and then in English, provided the first book on electrodermal activity, and one that extensively covers psychological applications as well as mechanisms and methodology. Again to quote David Lykken back in 1992, "The return of German scholarship to what I shall loftily call the high table of psychophysiology is exemplified by this fine book, the most comprehensive treatise on the electrodermal system to appear in any language . . ." I completely agree with v that evaluation. Professor Boucsein's outstanding scholarship has produced a book of such breadth of coverage ...

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Discrete and continuous prepulses have differential effects on startle prepulse inhibition and skin conductance orienting

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of prepulse intensity, duration, and bandwidth on perceived intensity of startling acoustic stimuli

Effects of prepulse intensity, duration, and bandwidth on perceived intensity of startling acoustic stimuli

Attentional Modulation of Prepulse Inhibition: A New Startle Paradigm

Electrodermal Activity

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