Discrimination between twenty isolates of herpesvirus simiae (B virus) by restriction enzyme analysis of the viral genome

Wall, Lynne V. M.; Zwartouw, H. T.; Kelly, D. C.

doi:10.1016/0168-1702(89)90044-0

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1). Numerous polymorphisms were observed, similar to those noted in a previous study of multiple isolates from cynomolgus macaques (31). It is also noted that the seven B virus isolates from human zoonoses were genotyped as rhesus B virus.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Virus Panelsupporting

confidence: 63%

Inhibition of B Virus (Macacine herpesvirus1) by Conventional and Experimental Antiviral Compounds

Krug

Schinazi

Hilliard

2010

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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B virus infection of humans results in high morbidity and mortality in as many as 80% of identified cases.The main objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of conventional and experimental antiviral drug susceptibilities of B virus isolates from multiple macaque species and zoonotically infected humans. We used a plaque reduction assay to establish the effective inhibitory doses of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and vidarabine, as well as those of a group of experimental nucleoside analogs with known anti-herpes simplex virus activity. Four of the experimental drugs tested were 10-to 100-fold more potent inhibitors of B virus replication than conventional antiviral agents. Drug efficacies were similar for multiple B virus isolates tested, with variations within 2-fold of the median effective concentration (EC 50 ) for each drug, and each EC 50 was considerably lower than those for B virus thymidine kinase (TK) mutants. We observed no differences in the viral TK amino acid sequence between B virus isolates from rhesus monkeys and those from human zoonoses. Differences in the TK protein sequence between cynomolgus and pigtail macaque B virus isolates did not affect drug sensitivity except in the case of one compound. Taken together, these data suggest that future B virus zoonoses will respond consistently to conventional antiviral treatment. Further, the considerably higher potency of FEAU (2-fluoro-5-ethyl-Ara-U) than of conventional antiviral drugs argues for its compassionate use in advanced human B virus infections.In its natural host, macaque monkeys, B virus (Macacine herpesvirus 1; Simplexvirus, Herpesviridae) causes lesions on epithelial surfaces (2, 33) and establishes reactivatable latent infection in sensory neurons (30, 37), like herpes simplex virus (HSV) in humans. B virus often results in severe pathogenesis, including paralysis, encephalitis, and in many cases, rapid death, following infection of humans (reviewed in reference 22). Nearly all reported cases of B virus zoonosis have been associated with individuals handling macaques during the course of research or technology development (33). Five fatalities, along with at least 23 cases in which the patient survived, have occurred in the past 20 years, underscoring that zoonotic infections remain a problem in the laboratory animal environment (7-9).The CDC's B Virus Working Group currently recommends treatment of confirmed zoonotic infections with herpesvirusspecific antiviral drugs, including acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV) (10). Both agents in this class of compounds are phosphorylated to active form by virus-encoded thymidine kinase (TK). The resulting nucleoside triphosphate analog inhibits viral DNA replication by termination of chain elongation and by direct inhibition of herpesvirus DNA polymerase (24). While ACV is effective against B virus both in cell culture and in animal models (6), the dose required for 50% plaque reduction is more than 10-fold higher for B virus than for HSV type 1 (HSV-1) (38). GCV is twice as pot...

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Section: Characterization Of the Virus Panelsupporting

confidence: 63%

Inhibition of B Virus (Macacine herpesvirus1) by Conventional and Experimental Antiviral Compounds

Krug

Schinazi

Hilliard

2010

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The prototypic SHBV isolate from a cynomolgus monkey, termed Cyno 2 (Vizoso, 1975 b;Wall et al, 1989), was propagated in simian Vero E6 ceils (Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down, UK) grown in medium 199 supplemented with 10 % fetal calf serum (FCS; Life Technologies).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete nucleotide sequence of the herpesvirus simiae glycoprotein G gene and its expression as an immunogenic fusion protein in bacteria

Slomka

Harrington

Arnold

et al. 1995

Journal of General Virology

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The nucleotide sequence of a 2384 bp portion within the unique short (Us) region of the herpesvirus simiae (simian herpes B virus; SHBV) genome is presented. A partial and a complete open reading frame (ORF) were found within this nucleotide sequence. The partial ORF encodes the C terminus (147 amino acids) of a protein kinase which is highly conserved in the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) and simian agent 8 (SA8) U s regions. The complete ORF is located 3' to the partial ORF within the 2384 bp sequence and encodes a 593 amino acid g|ycoprotein which appears to be closely related to the SA8 glycoprotein G (gG), but shares little amino acid similarity with gG of HSV-1 and -2. However, the complete ORF shares certain features conserved among most alphaherpesvirus gGs, notably three highly conserved cysteine residues and an adjacent N-glycosylation site. Therefore, it was concluded that this complete ORF encodes the SHBV gG. The 358 amino acid C-terminal portion of SHBV gG was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein and this was detected by immunoblotting with sera from cynomolgus monkeys which were either experimentally or naturally infected with SHBV. The purified fusion protein was inoculated into rabbits to raise an antiserum which recognized a number of apparently SHBV gGspecific protein bands in extracts from SHBV-infected simian cells.

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“…SHBV DNA used in this work was from the strain of virus designated prototypic B virus (Wall et al, 1989). The prototypic strain was an oral isolate from a cynomolgus monkey (Vizozo, 1975).…”

Section: Simian Herpes B Virus (Shbv) [Or B Virus As It Was Called Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleotide sequence analysis of a homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene US9 found in the genome of simian herpes B virus

Killeen

Harrington²,

Wall³

et al. 1992

Journal of General Virology

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The 10K gene of simian herpes B virus (SHBV) has been located and the nucleotide sequence determined. Its relationship to homologous genes in other herpesviruses has been examined. The SHBV 10K gene exhibits a closer relationship to its homologue in HSV-1 than to those in the other viruses studied. Nucleotide sequence identity of 61% was found between the HSVl and SHBV 10K genes, and 57% identity was found between the corresponding predicted protein Sequences. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of the herpesvirus 1 OK proteins has revealed a number of conserved features. These are examined in relation to possible functions of the 1 OK proteins. Implications for evolutionary relationships between SHBV and other herpesviruses are discussed.

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Discrimination between twenty isolates of herpesvirus simiae (B virus) by restriction enzyme analysis of the viral genome

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Inhibition of B Virus (Macacine herpesvirus1) by Conventional and Experimental Antiviral Compounds

Inhibition of B Virus (Macacine herpesvirus1) by Conventional and Experimental Antiviral Compounds

Complete nucleotide sequence of the herpesvirus simiae glycoprotein G gene and its expression as an immunogenic fusion protein in bacteria

Nucleotide sequence analysis of a homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene US9 found in the genome of simian herpes B virus

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