Disease Forecasting for the Rational Management of Grapevine Mildews in the Chianti Bio-District (Tuscany)

Maddalena, Giuliana; Fassolo, Elena Marone; Bianco, P.A.; Toffolatti, Silvia Laura

doi:10.3390/plants12020285

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The vine leaves are susceptible to infection by various fungal pathogens, including powdery mildew ( Erysiphe necator ), downy mildew ( Plasmopara viticola ) [ 14 , 15 ], gray mold ( Botrytis cinerea ), and Phomopsis cane and leaf spot ( Phomopsis viticola ) [ 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, viral infections, such as grapevine leafroll and grapevine fanleaf viruses, as well as phytoplasma diseases like flavescence dorée and Bois Noir, contribute to the spectrum of risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pesticide Residues in Vine Leaves Using the QuEChERS Method and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Keklik,

Golge,

González-Curbelo

et al. 2024

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Commercial viticulture necessitates regular pesticide applications to manage diseases and pests, raising significant concerns regarding pesticide residues among stakeholders. Due to health risks associated with these residues in Turkish vine leaves, the European Commission has increased the frequency of official control from 20% to 50%. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine multi-class pesticide residues in brined vine leaves from Turkey. A total of 766 samples of vine leaves were collected between May 2022 and June 2023. More than 500 residues were analyzed using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In-house validation data demonstrated that the analytical method exhibits fit-for-purpose performance in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and measurement uncertainty. Out of 766 samples analyzed, 180 samples (23.5%) contained one (131, 17.1%) or multiple (49, 6.4%) pesticides. Both the frequencies of occurrence and the rate of maximum residue level (MRL) exceedance increased in 2023 compared to 2022, with the MRL exceedance rate rising from 9.5% to 25.2%. Forty-three different residues were found in quantifiable concentrations and eight of them were non-approved. Among the residues, the non-systemic pyrethroid insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin (8.0%) and cypermethrin (7.2%), were the two most frequently detected, with concentrations ranging from 0.010 to 0.248 mg kg−1 and from 0.011 to 0.533 mg kg−1, respectively. Turkey is a major exporter of vine leaves and these results provide crucial information regarding pesticide occurrence and quality assessment of vine leaves. The significant increase in both pesticide occurrence and MRL exceedance rates between 2022 and 2023 underscores the urgency for regulatory bodies to reassess current pesticide usage and monitoring practices. The findings emphasize the importance of implementing more stringent rules and improving enforcement methods in order to reduce the spread of unapproved pesticides and ensure adherence to global food safety standards.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pesticide Residues in Vine Leaves Using the QuEChERS Method and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Keklik,

Golge,

González-Curbelo

et al. 2024

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Current trends, limitations and future research in the fungi?

Hyde,

Baldrian,

Chen

et al. 2024

Fungal Diversity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The field of mycology has grown from an underappreciated subset of botany, to a valuable, modern scientific discipline. As this field of study has grown, there have been significant contributions to science, technology, and industry, highlighting the value of fungi in the modern era. This paper looks at the current research, along with the existing limitations, and suggests future areas where scientists can focus their efforts, in the field mycology. We show how fungi have become important emerging diseases in medical mycology. We discuss current trends and the potential of fungi in drug and novel compound discovery. We explore the current trends in phylogenomics, its potential, and outcomes and address the question of how phylogenomics can be applied in fungal ecology. In addition, the trends in functional genomics studies of fungi are discussed with their importance in unravelling the intricate mechanisms underlying fungal behaviour, interactions, and adaptations, paving the way for a comprehensive understanding of fungal biology. We look at the current research in building materials, how they can be used as carbon sinks, and how fungi can be used in biocircular economies. The numbers of fungi have always been of great interest and have often been written about and estimates have varied greatly. Thus, we discuss current trends and future research needs in order to obtain more reliable estimates. We address the aspects of machine learning (AI) and how it can be used in mycological research. Plant pathogens are affecting food production systems on a global scale, and as such, we look at the current trends and future research needed in this area, particularly in disease detection. We look at the latest data from High Throughput Sequencing studies and question if we are still gaining new knowledge at the same rate as before. A review of current trends in nanotechnology is provided and its future potential is addressed. The importance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi is addressed and future trends are acknowledged. Fungal databases are becoming more and more important, and we therefore provide a review of the current major databases. Edible and medicinal fungi have a huge potential as food and medicines, especially in Asia and their prospects are discussed. Lifestyle changes in fungi (e.g., from endophytes, to pathogens, and/or saprobes) are also extremely important and a current research trend and are therefore addressed in this special issue of Fungal Diversity.

show abstract

The management of grapevine downy mildew: from anti-resistance strategies to innovative approaches for fungicide resistance monitoring

Toffolatti,

Lecchi,

Maddalena

et al. 2024

J Plant Dis Prot

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Efficient grapevine downy mildew control necessitates the implementation of anti-resistance strategies to ensure the ongoing efficacy of available substances and optimal disease control. With the gradual disappearance of multi-site fungicides from the market, reliance on single-site fungicides poses a long-term risk of selecting strains resistant to multiple modes of action. Challenges in disease management encompass selecting optimal spray programs and monitoring field population sensitivity. This study evaluated the efficacy of anti-resistance strategies, including two single-site fungicides (mandipropamid and oxathiapiprolin), on disease control and fungicide sensitivity through a combination of field trials and laboratory tests for the biological and molecular characterization of the pathogen populations over a three-year period (2019–2021). Mandipropamid, a cellulose synthase inhibitor, is used since a long time for downy mildew control, while oxathiapiprolin, an OxySterol Binding Protein homologue Inhibitor, was introduced recently. Field trials demonstrated effective disease control, even in the presence of mandipropamid-resistant strains (with G1105S/V mutations in PvCesA3) and revealed a pronounced selection and spread of resistance to both fungicides in the vineyard where disease pressure was higher. Characterizing pathogen strains remained a significant obstacle in sensitivity monitoring, hindering precise determination of resistance frequencies related to fungicide programs. Traditional techniques, in fact, lack the resolution required for high-throughput isolation and characterization of resistant individuals. To address this challenge, we propose utilizing flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting on field sporangia populations, a method able to determine both the number of resistant isolates and isolate pathogen strains in a single assay.

show abstract

Disease Forecasting for the Rational Management of Grapevine Mildews in the Chianti Bio-District (Tuscany)

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Determination of Pesticide Residues in Vine Leaves Using the QuEChERS Method and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Pesticide Residues in Vine Leaves Using the QuEChERS Method and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Current trends, limitations and future research in the fungi?

The management of grapevine downy mildew: from anti-resistance strategies to innovative approaches for fungicide resistance monitoring

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About