Disease Remission in a Horse with <scp>EHV</scp>‐5‐Associated Lymphoma

Werf, Karie Vander; Davis, Elizabeth G.

doi:10.1111/jvim.12050

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Equine herpesvirus‐2 has been associated with outbreaks of upper respiratory tract disease in young horses, but EHV‐2 has also been isolated from clinically normal horses . Equine herpesvirus‐5 has been associated with the development of multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF), herpetic ocular disease, and lymphoma in horses, however, these diseases are rare while of EHV‐5 shedding in the equine population is common . It has previously been reported that horses with nasal secretion viral loads of >650 000 gB genes/million cells were more likely to have EMPF than controls .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of shedding of respiratory pathogens in horses recently imported to the United States

Smith

Watson

Spier

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundImported horses that have undergone recent long distance transport might represent a serious risk for spreading infectious respiratory pathogens into populations of horses.ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency of shedding of respiratory pathogens in recently imported horses.AnimalsAll imported horses with signed owner consent (n = 167) entering a USDA quarantine for contagious equine metritis from October 2014 to June 2016 were enrolled in the study.MethodsProspective observational study. Enrolled horses had a physical examination performed and nasal secretions collected at the time of entry and subsequently if any horse developed signs of respiratory disease during quarantine. Samples were assayed for equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus type‐1, −2, −4, and −5 (EHV‐1, −2, −4, −5), equine rhinitis virus A (ERAV), and B (ERBV) and Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) using quantitative PCR (qPCR).ResultsEquine herpesviruses were detected by qPCR in 52% of the study horses including EHV‐2 (28.7%), EHV‐5 (40.7%), EHV‐1 (1.2%), and EHV‐4 (3.0%). Clinical signs were not correlated with being qPCR‐positive for EHV‐4, EHV‐2, or EHV‐5. None of the samples were qPCR‐positive for EIV, ERAV, ERBV, and S. equi. The qPCR assay failed quality control for RNA viruses in 25% (46/167) of samples.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinical signs of respiratory disease were poorly correlated with qPCR positive status for EHV‐2, −4, and −5. The importance of γ‐herpesviruses (EHV‐2 and 5) in respiratory disease is poorly understood. Equine herpesvirus type‐1 or 4 (EHV‐1 or EHV‐4) were detected in 4.2% of horses, which could have serious consequences if shedding animals entered a population of susceptible horses. Biosecurity measures are important when introducing recently imported horses into resident US populations of horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of shedding of respiratory pathogens in horses recently imported to the United States

Smith

Watson

Spier

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…; Dunkel ; Schwarz et al . ; VanderWerf and Davis ). Gamma‐herpes viruses usually establish latency in B lymphocytes in an apparently complex relationship between virus latency and stage of B cell differentiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Currently, while support for EHV-5 as a cause of EMPF is quite strong, the role of EHV-5 in EMPF remains somewhat controversial. In addition, g-herpes viruses are lymphotropic viruses and have been associated with lymphoproliferative diseases and lymphoma in horses (Barton et al 2011;Vander Werf et al 2011;Dunkel 2012;Schwarz et al 2012;VanderWerf and Davis 2013). Gamma-herpes viruses usually establish latency in B lymphocytes in an apparently complex relationship between virus latency and stage of B cell differentiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: Diagnosis and treatment

Wilkins

2013

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Gamma herpesvirus activity has been associated with lymphoproliferative disease in human beings, and EHV‐5 infection has recently been reported in a low number of horses with TCRLBCL, T‐cell lymphoma, and poorly differentiated lymphoma . Polymerase chain reaction testing for EHV‐5 yielded negative results in this case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Extreme lymphocytosis with myelomonocytic morphology in a horse with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

Meichner

Kraszeski

Durrant

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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An 11-year-old, 443-kg Haflinger mare was presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a 2-week history of lethargy and a 3-day duration of anorexia, pyrexia, tachycardia, and ventral edema. Severe pitting edema, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and a caudal abdominal mass were noted on physical examination. An extreme leukocytosis (154.3 × 10 /μL) and microscopic hematologic findings suggestive of myelomonocytic leukemia were observed. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal gammopathy and urine protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal light chain proteinuria. Necropsy and histopathology confirmed widespread neoplastic infiltration in many organs with a heterogenous population of cells; there was no apparent evidence of bone marrow involvement. Immunohistochemistry confirmed presence of a majority of B cells with a limited antigen expression, admixed with a lower number of T cells. Molecular clonality analysis of IgH2, IgH3, and kappa-deleting element (KDE, B cell) on whole blood and KDE on infiltrated tissues revealed clonal rearrangements, and the KDE intron clones that amplified in blood and in infiltrated tissue were identical. In contrast, the clonality analysis of T-cell receptor γ revealed no clonality on blood cells and infiltrated tissues. In conjunction with the histopathologic changes, the lesion was interpreted to be composed of neoplastic B cells with a reactive T-cell population. Polymerase chain reaction testing for equine herpes virus 5 was negative. The final diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with a marked hematogenous component.

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Disease Remission in a Horse with EHV‐5‐Associated Lymphoma

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Frequency of shedding of respiratory pathogens in horses recently imported to the United States

Frequency of shedding of respiratory pathogens in horses recently imported to the United States

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: Diagnosis and treatment

Extreme lymphocytosis with myelomonocytic morphology in a horse with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

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