Diseases associated with immunosuppression.

Abstract

Impairment of any of the major components of the immune system (T-cells, B-cells phagocytes, complement) may result in clinical immunodeficiency. Immune defects can arise from intrinsic or heritable defects of lymphoid elements, failure of normal cellular differentiation, viral infection or other acquired causes. Clinical impairment of immunity is expressed as a marked susceptibility to opportunistic and pathogenic organisms which are difficult to control and by an increased risk of malignancy, allergy and autoimmune disease. Certain immunodeficiency disorders are associated with aberrant immune regulation. The major types of immune deficiency are characterized by unique patterns of infections depending on the level at which the defect occurs and the pathogenic mechanisms of the parasite. The basic defects of representative primary and secondary immunodeficiencies are discussed in relation to observed immunologic consequences.

Microbial risk assessment of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in polluted environments, case of urban rainfall water

“…Manifestations of disease range from cutaneous infection caused by traumatic inoculation of the organism in a normal host to severe pulmonary or central nervous system (CNS) disease in an immunocompromised host [1] . Pulmonary infection is the most frequent clinical form which is similar to pneumonia in 80% of cases and that can be fatal in patients who are immunocompromised or affected by chronic pulmonary diseases [2] , [3] . Nocardia cells are ubiquitous in the environment but distribution biases per species are still poorly documented.…”

Epidemiological Studies of Potent Environmental Pathogen: Streptococcus pneumoniae

“…2). This might be due to the defective immune response against the pathogen or due to frequent use of un-prescribed antibiotics [19]. Alpha hemolysis on blood agar was due to the virulent factor produced by test organism.…”

Age- and risk-related appropriateness of the use of available influenza vaccines in the Italian elderly is advantageous: results from a budget impact analysis

“…If, for example, the prevalence of at least one serious chronic condition among elderly Italians aged 65-69 years is 31.7%, it growths by 21% and 68% among people aged 70-74 and ≥ 75 years, respectively [ 22 ]. In turn, several chronic conditions increase risk of immunosuppression [ 47-49 ]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that compared with subjects aged 60-75 years, in those aged > 75 years the number of lymphocytes falls below a critical threshold and the T cell receptor repertoire diminishes abruptly [ 24 ].…”