Diseases Associated with Stigma: A Review

Chime, Peter Ekpunobi; Okoli, Paul Chibuike; Chime, Ethel Nkechi; Anekpo, Chijioke C.; Ozougwu, Augustine Obumneme; Ofojebe, Philip Chukwuma

doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2022.122011

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The questionnaire asks participants to rate the frequency of nine symptoms of GAD within the last 2 weeks on a scale from “not at all” to “nearly every day” (scored 0–3 with a total score ranging from 0 to 21). Total scores can be interpreted of “minimal” (0–4), “mild” ( 5 – 9 ), “moderate” ( 10 – 14 ), or “severe” ( 15 – 21 ) anxiety. Research shows that the GAD-7 has excellent reliability (test–retest correlation of 0.83) and construct validity, as presented with correlations measuring functional impairment ( 47 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network analysis of psychological flexibility, coping, and stigma in dermatology patients

et al. 2023

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IntroductionDespite the negative effects of stigma in individuals with skin conditions, interventions to address its effects are rare. This might be in part due to a continued lack of understanding as to how individuals respond to stigma.MethodsIn this study, we employed a step-case analytic method, using traditional regression, moderation, and network analyses, to examine the role of psychological flexibility (PF) with stigmatized experiences, and stigma-related outcomes. We run a cross-sectional study (n = 105 individuals with various skin conditions) and analyzed stigma-related variables. We included variables examining perceived stigmatization (PSQ), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), well-being (EQ5D5L), and variables stemming from the PF model (CompACT), presented as three coping with stigma responses, namely “open,” “aware,” and “active.”.ResultsUsing network analysis, the most influential or central variables that contributed to stigma were generalized anxiety, perceived stigmatization, and valued actions. In relation to PF, being open to the experience of stigma (as opposed to avoidance), keeping a distance from stigmatized thoughts (as opposed to self-stigmatizing), and bringing attention to value-based committed actions (as opposed to passivity) were all found to contribute to less stigmatized experiences.DiscussionThe results indicate that two of the three skills of the PF model (“open” and “active”) may be important targets for interventions targeting stigma in people living with skin conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network analysis of psychological flexibility, coping, and stigma in dermatology patients

et al. 2023

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“…This in addition to stigma associated with Lassa fever and hearing loss [21] negatively affects the quality of life of the affected person. Thus, every effort aimed at minimizing the incidence of hearing loss in Lassa fever patients is necessary.…”

Section: Hearing Loss Impedes Interpersonal Communication Of the Affe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearing Loss in Lassa Fever: A Systematic Review

Chime¹,

Chime²,

Nwosu³

2022

OJPM

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Background: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever associated with several complications which include hearing loss. Hearing loss in Lassa fever may become residual with its negative impact on the quality of life. Purpose: This paper is a review of various studies on Lassa fever related hearing loss. Methods: Systematic literature review was done on articles on Lassa fever patients and Lassa fever survivors. Relevant articles published in English between 1969 and 2021 were searched for using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Eight studies which met the inclusion criteria were finally selected and included in the review. The variables of interest were extracted from the full-text articles. Results: Lassa fever related hearing loss occurs in both sexes and in all age groups. The incidence of self-reported hearing loss ranged from 12.5% to 30% with a mean of 17.6%. The incidence of audiometrically determined sensorineural hearing loss ranged from 13.5% to 29% with a mean of 22.1%. Hearing loss persisted in 64% of those that were followed up. Cases of hearing loss varied in severity, ranging from mild to profound. No successful specific treatment for Lassa fever related hearing loss was reported apart from hearing rehabilitation. Conclusion: Hearing loss among Lassa fever patients remains a major challenge. Lack of effective treatment for Lassa fever related hearing loss is a serious gap in the management of Lassa fever patients which should be addressed in future research.

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“…Disease-related stigma is originated fear of infection and death, disfiguring caused by the disease and ignorance of the cause, infectivity and the nature of the disease ( 9 ). Particularly, as an emerging respiratory infectious disease, COVID-19 evokes the fear of infection and dying that is associated with ignorance of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As seen in the cases of HIV ( 15 , 16 ), Ebola virus ( 17 , 18 ), and SARS ( 19 ), survivors of emerging infectious diseases have faced social exclusion and blame ( 20 ) and discrimination against privileges and opportunities ( 9 ), which led to the affected patients and healthcare workers’ psychological distress and post-traumatic stress ( 8 , 21 , 22 ). Similarly, since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, verbal and physical attacks and avoidance have been perpetrated against individuals of Chinese descent, other Asians, healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients and survivors, and the family members of patients in Latin American countries, European countries, the U.S., India, and some African countries ( 1 , 2 , 23 – 26 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causing trouble and being transmissible: COVID-19 survivors’ experiences of stigma and discrimination in South Korea

Kang

Kim

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundThe stigma associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is relatively neglected in policies for handling the disease. Stigmatization occurs only within specific social contexts in local societies.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine COVID-19 survivors’ experiences of social stigma and discrimination in South Korea in the first 2 years of the pandemic.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted.ResultsOf 52 participants, 45 reported that they had to cope with stigma and discrimination in their intimate social relationships, workplaces, and children’s schools, ranging from subtle actions to job loss. Sexual minorities who were involved in mass disease transmission in the early part of the pandemic experienced a higher level of stigmatization. The stigmatization dealt with in this study was related to two themes: survivors’ sense of causing trouble and possibility of transmission.ConclusionBy intertwining this stigma with the experiences of public health measures through the voices of survivors, this study reveals the local context of East Asia in terms of culture-specific aspects of COVID-19-related stigma.

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Diseases Associated with Stigma: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

A network analysis of psychological flexibility, coping, and stigma in dermatology patients

A network analysis of psychological flexibility, coping, and stigma in dermatology patients

Hearing Loss in Lassa Fever: A Systematic Review

Causing trouble and being transmissible: COVID-19 survivors’ experiences of stigma and discrimination in South Korea

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