Diseases of camels in the Sudan

Shommein, A. M.; Osman, Azizah

doi:10.20506/rst.6.2.298

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The high prevalence of piroplasmosis revealed in this study could explain that TBDs may seriously affect the production and the productivity of camels in the Sudan. Moreover, the present results come to support the earlier suggestion of Shommein and Osman [13] that TBDs could be responsible for morbidity and mortality rate of Sudanese camels. Therefore, we come to conclude that to improve camel production and productivity in the Sudan, it is high time to monitor camels from tick borne diseases and to implement prophylaxis and treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Many old and unpublished reports stated that camels are not susceptible to TBDs, although Shommein and Osman [13] earlier suspected that theileriosis, ehrlichiosis, and babesiosis may also be responsible for morbidity and mortality rates in camels. The economic impact of tick and tick borne diseases (T and TBDs) has inspired researchers to investigate TBDs in many animal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopic and Molecular Detection of Camel Piroplasmosis in Gadarif State, Sudan

Ibrahim

Kadle²,

Nyingilili

2017

Veterinary Medicine International

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The socioeconomic importance of camels (Camelus dromedarius) could not be neglected in the Sudan. The present study was planned to confirm the presence of piroplasmosis in camels from the Eastern region of the Sudan (Gedarif State) using microscopical (blood film) and molecular technique (PCR). A total of 55 camels of different sexes (34 females and 21 males) were sampled from four localities of the state between January 2011 and January 2012. The prevalence rates using parasitological and molecular examinations were 43.6% and 74.5%, respectively. The prevalence rates significantly vary between the localities (p = 0.011) but not between the different sexes (p = 0.515). PCR technique showed higher sensitivity than microscopy. The present paper was to be the first report investigating camel piroplasmosis using both parasitological and molecular methods in the Eastern region of the Sudan. Further studies in the phylogenetic sequencing are to be continued for parasite speciation. Moreover, studies on the clinical and economic consequences of camel piroplasmosis are recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic and Molecular Detection of Camel Piroplasmosis in Gadarif State, Sudan

Ibrahim

Kadle²,

Nyingilili

2017

Veterinary Medicine International

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“…In Sudan, cattle, sheep and goats undergo protracted infection in which they may play the role of a reservoir host [ 4 ]. In addition, co-herding may increase the possibility of infection with T. evansi and other trypanosomes [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma vivax is the second leading cause of camel trypanosomosis in Sudan after Trypanosoma evansi

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThis study was conducted in response to recurring reports from eastern Sudan of camel trypanosomosis that can no longer be treated by currently available trypanocidal drugs. One hundred and eighty-nine blood samples were obtained from camels in different herds and local markets in the western part of Sudan, and a cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2015 and February 2016 to identify the causative agents and possible circulating genotypes.ResultsThe prevalence of trypanosomes detected using the conventional parasitological techniques of Giemsa-stained blood smears, wet blood smears and the microhematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT) was 7% (13/189), 11% (21/189) and 19% (36/189), respectively. However, a multi-species KIN-PCR targeting the ITS region revealed that the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi was 37% (70/189), while that of T. vivax was 25% (47/189). Consequently, we used a T. evansi-specific PCR (RoTat1.2 VSG gene) to analyse the KIN-PCR-positive samples and a T. vivax-specific PCR (Cathepsin L-like gene) to analyse all of the samples. The prevalence of T. evansi was 59% (41/70), while the prevalence of T. vivax was 31% (59/189). Mixed infections were detected in 18% (34/189) of the samples. These results were further confirmed by sequencing and a phylogenetic analysis of the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of T. evansi and the TviCatL gene of T. vivax.ConclusionWe conclude that T. vivax was newly introduced to the camel population and that T. evansi is no longer the single cause of camel trypanosomosis in Sudan. The presence of T. vivax in camels detected in this study is a challenge in the choice of diagnostic approaches, particularly serology, and PCRs. However, an analysis of drug resistance should be performed, and the genotypic variation should be verified. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular study on T. vivax and mixed-infection with T. vivax and T. evansi in Sudanese camels.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2117-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Elles sont nombreuses et réalisent des infestations souvent massives [3,10,16,21,26,28]. Elles provoquent de l'anémie, de l'amaigrissement et des surinfections bactériennes, surtout chez les jeunes [10].…”

Section: Les Tiques Du Dromadaireunclassified

Le « syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient » (MERS) : qui est responsable, les chauves-souris ou le dromadaire ?

Chastel¹

2014

Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot.

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In 2012 a new viral emergent human disease appeared in the Middle East. This entity was named MERS for' Middle East respiratory syndrome'. By January 9, 2014, the disease had already struck 178 persons of whom 75 died from respiratory failure and diarrhoea. As the new disease was very similar to the deadly SARS (2002-2003) and since it was provoked by a Betacoronavirus, chiroptera were first suspected to be at the origin of this infection. Morever, recent studies performed in Saudi Arabia showed that one individual of the bat Taphozous perforatus harbored a short nucleotide segment identical to the homologous segment present in the viral strain isolated from the index-case of the epidemic. In addition, many strains of Betacoronavirus more or less related to those responsible for the MERS disease in man have been isolated from bats in Africa, Asia and Europe. However, another hypothesis was simultaneously proposed incriminating dromedary (Camelus dromedarius L.) as a likely actor in the transmission to human beings of the disease.We then reviewed data relative to other viral zoonosis in which dromedary was possibly implicated. This led to the provisional conclusion that this large mammal might play a role in the dissemination of the MERS-COV, the etiologic agent of the disease. This is based on epidemiological data and results of several serological surveys in animals.

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Diseases of camels in the Sudan

Abstract: The most important diseases reported in the Sudan are trypanosomiasis and helminthoses. Sarcoptic mange and tick infestation also occur. Since there has been relatively little research on diseases other than trypanosomiasis, the creation of a camel research institute is proposed.

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Microscopic and Molecular Detection of Camel Piroplasmosis in Gadarif State, Sudan

Microscopic and Molecular Detection of Camel Piroplasmosis in Gadarif State, Sudan

Trypanosoma vivax is the second leading cause of camel trypanosomosis in Sudan after Trypanosoma evansi

Le « syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient » (MERS) : qui est responsable, les chauves-souris ou le dromadaire ?

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