Disentangling the Aizooideae: New generic concepts and a new subfamily in Aizoaceae

Klak, Cornelia; Hanáček, Pavel; Bruyns, Peter V.

doi:10.12705/665.9

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…and Tribulocarpus S.Moore (Klak et al 2003, Thulin et al 2012). A recent study found the monotypic Anisostigma Schinz to be closely related to Tribulocarpus (Klak et al 2017a), which together are now recognised as the tribe Anisostigmateae Klak (Klak et al 2017b). The Sesuvioideae therefore now consists of two tribes, the Anisostigmateae (two genera) and the Sesuvieae comprising Sesuvium (including Cypselea ), Trianthema L. and Zaleya Burm.f.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa

Sukhorukov¹,

Nilova²,

Erst³

et al. 2018

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The taxonomy of perennial Sesuvium species in Africa has been poorly investigated until now. Previously five perennial species of Sesuvium were recognised in Africa (S. congense, S. crithmoides, S. mesembryanthemoides, S. portulacastrum, and S. sesuvioides). Based on the differing number of stamens, S. ayresii is accepted here as being distinct from S. portulacastrum. Field observations in Angola also led the authors to conclude that S. crystallinum and S. mesembryanthemoides are conspecific with S. crithmoides. A new subspecies, Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii, is described from West Africa (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal). The molecular phylogeny indicates the position of S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii within the “American lineage” as a part of the Sesuvium portulacastrum complex which needs further studies. A diagnostic key and taxonomic notes are provided for the six perennial species of Sesuvium found in Africa and recognised by the authors (S. ayresii, S. congense, S. crithmoides, S. portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum, S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii, S. verrucosum and the facultatively short-lived S. sesuvioides). The distribution of S. crithmoides, previously considered to be endemic to Angola, is now confirmed for the seashores of Republic of Congo and DR Congo. The American species S. verrucosum is reported for the first time for Africa (the Macaronesian islands: Cape Verde and the Canaries). It is locally naturalised in Gran Canaria, being a potentially invasive species. These findings as well as new records of S. verrucosum from Asia and the Pacific Islands confirm its proneness to transcontinental introduction. Lectotypes of S. brevifolium, S. crithmoides, S. crystallinum and S. mesembryanthemoides are selected. The seed micromorphology and anatomy of the perennial African species is studied. Compared to the seeds of some annual African Sesuvium investigated earlier, those of perennial species are smooth or slightly alveolate. The aril is one-layered and parenchymatous in all species and usually tightly covers the seed. The aril detachments from the seed coat that form a white stripe near the cotyledon area easily distinguish S. verrucosum from other species under study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa

Sukhorukov¹,

Nilova²,

Erst³

et al. 2018

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“…Aizoaceae currently comprises ca. 1800 species (Hartmann, 2017a;Klak, Hanáček & Bruyns, 2017a) classified in 145 genera and five subfamilies (Klak, Hanáček & Bruyns, 2017a). The first three subfamilies-Sesuvioideae, Aizooideae, Acrosanthoideae-are successive sisters to Mesembryanthemoideae + Ruschioideae (Klak et al, 2003;Klak, Reeves & Hedderson, 2004;Thiede, 2004;Klak, Hanáček & Bruyns, 2017b; for authors and species numbers see Table 1).…”

Section: Subfamilies Of Aizoaceae: Relationship Of Major Cladesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conspicuous loculicidal hygrochastic fruit capsules of ca. 98% of the species (Ihlenfeldt, 1971;Parolin, 2001;Parolin, 2006) are lacking in Acrosanthoideae, for which xerochastic, parchment-like capsules are apomorphic, but are also predominant in subfamily Aizooideae (Bittrich, 1990;Klak, Hanáček & Bruyns, 2017a). In Aizooideae, however, valve wings of the capsules are either absent or very narrow, while they are well developed in Mesembryanthemoideae + Ruschioideae (Bittrich & Struck, 1989).…”

Section: Subfamilies Of Aizoaceae: Relationship Of Major Cladesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In southern Africa, most species of Acrosanthoideae, Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae are native to the Winter Rainfall Region (Verboom et al, 2009;Valente et al, 2014) in the GCFR. Acrosanthoideae with only six species is endemic to mesic fynbos, whereas Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae are speciose in more arid Succulent Karoo vegetation (Klak, Hanáček & Bruyns, 2017a).…”

Section: Subfamilies Of Aizoaceae: Origin and Distribution Of Major Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic relationships in the southern African genusDrosanthemum(Ruschioideae, Aizoaceae)

Liede‐Schumann

Grimm²,

Nürk

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Drosanthemum, the only genus of the tribe Drosanthemeae, is widespread over the Greater Cape Floristic Region in southern Africa. With 114 recognized species, Drosanthemum, together with the highly succulent and species-rich tribe Ruschieae, constitute the ‘core ruschioids’ in Aizoaceae. Within Drosanthemum, nine subgenera have been described based on flower and fruit morphology. Their phylogenetic relationships, however, have not yet been investigated, hampering understanding of monophyletic entities and patterns of geographic distribution. Methods Using chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence data, we performed network- and tree-based phylogenetic analyses of 73 species of Drosanthemum with multiple accessions for widespread species. A well-curated, geo-referenced occurrence dataset comprising the 134 genetically analysed and 863 further accessions was used to describe the distributional ranges of intrageneric lineages and the genus as a whole. Results Phylogenetic inference supports nine clades within Drosanthemum, seven of which group in two major clades, while the remaining two show ambiguous affinities. The nine clades are generally congruent to previously described subgenera within Drosanthemum, with exceptions such as cryptic species. In-depth analyses of sequence patterns in each gene region were used to reveal phylogenetic affinities inside the retrieved clades in more detail. We observe a complex distribution pattern including widespread, species-rich clades expanding into arid habitats of the interior (subgenera Drosanthemum p.p., Vespertina, Xamera) that are genetically and morphologically diverse. In contrast, less species-rich, genetically less divergent, and morphologically unique lineages are restricted to the central Cape region and more mesic conditions (Decidua, Necopina, Ossicula, Quastea, Quadrata, Speciosa). Our results suggest that the main lineages arose from an initial rapid radiation, with subsequent diversification in some clades.

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“…Aizoaceae currently comprises ca. 1800 species (Hartmann 2017a;Klak, Hanáček & Bruyns 2017a) classified in 145 genera and five subfamilies (Klak, Hanáček & Bruyns 2017a). The first three subfamilies -Sesuvioideae, Aizooideae, Acrosanthoideae -are successive sisters to Mesembryanthemoideae + Ruschioideae (Klak et al 2003;Klak, Reeves & Hedderson 2004;Thiede 2004; Hanáček & Bruyns 2017b; for authors and species numbers see Table 1).…”

Section: Subfamilies Of Aizoaceae: Relationship Of Major Cladesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Phylogenetic relationships in the southern African genus Drosanthemum (Ruschioideae, Aizoaceae) (v0.1)"

2020

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Background. Drosanthemum, the only genus of the tribe Drosanthemeae, is widespread over the Greater Cape Floristic Region in southern Africa. With 114 recognized species, Drosanthemum, together with the highly succulent and species-rich tribe Ruschieae, constitute the 'core ruschioids' in Aizoaceae. Within Drosanthemum, nine subgenera have been described based on flower and fruit morphology. Their phylogenetic relationships, however, have not yet been investigated, hampering understanding of monophyletic entities and patterns of geographic distribution. Methods. Using chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence data, we performed network-and tree-based phylogenetic analyses of 73 species of Drosanthemum with multiple accessions for widespread species. A well-curated, geo-referenced occurrence dataset comprising the 134 genetically analysed and 863 further accessions was used to describe the distributional ranges of intrageneric lineages and the genus as a whole. Results. Phylogenetic inference supports nine clades within Drosanthemum, seven of which group in two major clades, while the remaining two show ambiguous affinities. The nine clades are generally congruent to previously described subgenera within Drosanthemum, with exceptions such as cryptic species. In-depth analyses of sequence patterns in each gene region were used to reveal phylogenetic affinities inside the retrieved clades in more detail. We observe a complex distribution pattern including widespread, species-rich clades expanding into arid habitats of the interior (subgenera Drosanthemum p.p., Vespertina, Xamera) that are genetically and morphologically diverse. In contrast, less species-rich, genetically less divergent, and morphologically unique lineages are restricted to the central Cape region and more mesic conditions (Decidua, Necopina, Ossicula, Quastea, Quadrata, Speciosa). Our results suggest that the main lineages arose from an initial rapid radiation, with subsequent diversification in some clades.

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Disentangling the Aizooideae: New generic concepts and a new subfamily in Aizoaceae

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa

Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa

Phylogenetic relationships in the southern African genusDrosanthemum(Ruschioideae, Aizoaceae)

Peer Review #1 of "Phylogenetic relationships in the southern African genus Drosanthemum (Ruschioideae, Aizoaceae) (v0.1)"

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