Disentangling the Effects of Tillage Timing and Weather on Weed Community Assembly

Cordeau, Stéphane; Smith, Richard G.; Gallandt, Eric R.; Brown, B.J.H.; Salon, Paul; DiTommaso, Antonio; Ryan, Matthew R.

doi:10.3390/agriculture7080066

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Galinsoga quadriradiata and P. oleracea have relatively high loadings on the second PCoA axis (Figure 6B), and they are more frequent and abundant in EP1 (Table 5). We attempted to duplicate practices in the two entry points as exactly as possible, but vagaries of weather, timing of operations, and their interaction with weed emergence (Cordeau et al 2017a) and growth put the entry points on divergent paths. In addition to a difference in composition, entry point 2 had consistently higher weed biomass (Table 4) and mean seedbank density (Figure 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Seedbank and Weed Biomass Dynamics in a Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment

et al. 2018

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Most previous research on changes in weed abundance and community composition in cropping systems has focused on field crops. The study presented here examined changes in the weed seedbank and aboveground biomass in four organic vegetable cropping systems over a 10-yr period. The systems included an Intensive system with six crops per 4-yr rotation, an Intermediate system with one cash crop per year, a Bio-extensive system with alternating cash crop and tilled fallow years plus prevention of seed rain, and a Ridge-tillage system with one cash crop per year. Systems also differed in the types and number of cover crops between cash crops. During the course of the experiment, the weed community shifted from one dominated by summer annual broadleaf species that reproduce at the end of their lives to a community dominated by summer and winter annuals that mature rapidly. This shift in community composition can be attributed to the change in land use from conventionally managed corn (Zea maysL.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) to organic vegetable production. In particular, crop rotations with diverse preplantings and postharvest tillage dates interrupted the life cycle of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) and pigweed species (Amaranthusspp.: mostly Powell amaranth [Amaranthus powelliiS. Watson], with small numbers of redroot pigweed [Amaranthus retroflexusL.] and smooth pigweed [Amaranthus hybridusL.]), while favoring a diverse assemblage of quickly maturing species. The study thus demonstrates that an appropriate crop rotation can control the seedbank of weeds likeC. albumthat potentially persist well in the soil. The Ridge-tillage system greatly reduced the frequency and depth of tillage relative to other systems while effectively suppressing perennial weeds. The early-reproducing annuals, however, became more abundant in the Ridge-tillage system than in the other systems, primarily due to escapes along the edge of the scraped ridges. The tilled fallow periods coupled with prevention of seed rain in the Bio-extensive system substantially reduced weed abundance through time and relative to the other systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Seedbank and Weed Biomass Dynamics in a Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment

et al. 2018

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“…The ecological gradient length was 4.8 standard deviation units, justifying the use of CCA, which assumes unimodal responses. Following the methodology of Cordeau et al (2017b), net effects of the 20 explanatory variables (Table 1) on weed communities were calculated after partitioning out the effect shared with the other explanatory variables. The net effect of each particular variable was tested with a partial CCA (pCCA), proposed by Rao (1969), with a single explanatory variable and the other 20 variables used as covariates.…”

Section: Relative Importance Of Environmental Parameters On Weed Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Soil Nutrient Management Affects Taxonomic and Functional Weed Community Composition and Structure

et al. 2021

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Weed communities can be influenced by nutrient availability, nutrient form (e. g., ammonium vs. nitrate), amendment timing, amendment type (e.g., organic vs. inorganic), and by immigration of seeds during amendment applications. The objective of this research was to compare the long-term effect of different fertility treatments in a corn (Zea mays L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) rotation on taxonomic and functional structure and composition of weed communities by analyzing the soil weed seedbank. After 14 years of a long-term experiment in Aurora, NY, United States, soils were sampled in five fertility treatments for corn years in the rotation: liquid dairy manure, semi-composted separated dairy solids; or inorganic nitrogen (N) as starter fertilizer with either no sidedress N, a low rate or a high rate of inorganic N as sidedress fertilizer. Soil was collected in early spring 2015 and a greenhouse weed seed germination bioassay was used to quantify the germinable soil weed seedbank. Total weed seedbank density, species richness, and evenness did not vary by treatment. However, fertility treatments modified the ecological niche represented by 20 environmental descriptors, which filtered the weed community creating distinct functional group assemblages. A trait-based analysis revealed that nitrophilic dicotyledons preferring alkaline soil were associated with high concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer, whereas highly specialist monocotyledons preferring high amounts of light were associated with low concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer. Because fertility treatments affected weed community composition but not seed bank density and richness, results encourage the development of holistic management strategies that adopt coherent weed management and crop fertilization.

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“…Physical and biological factors, apparent in seed dormancy act as a survival strategy to avoid germination during unfavorable conditions and as a means of dispersal through time Qasem (2019). Moisture, temperature (King and Oliver 1994), light, soil fertility, soil texture and soil disturbance King and Purcell (1997), Cordeau et al (2017), are factors that in luence the pattern, survival of seedlings, the growth and productivity of weeds, and thus can affect weeds seed bank and population dynamics Schwartz-Lazaro and Copes (2019).…”

Section: Weed Seed Bank Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature differences are expected to enhance seed germination. Light perceived by seeds during soil cultivation is also effective in triggering germination Cordeau et al (2017). This was con irmed when weed seed emergence following "night tillage" was 80% lower than emergence under daytime tillage conditions Juroszek et al (2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Influence of Crop Rotation and Primary Tillage Operations on Weed Seed Bank

Al‐Hajaj¹

2021

Int. J. Res. Granthaalayah

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In this study, we reviewed weed seed bank dynamic and main agriculture operations to come up with the weed seed management modeling designed to increase crop productivity by removing weed competition. Weed contributing with 10% loss of total global grain production. Weed seed bank regulate by five demographic processes seedling recruitment and survival, seed production, dispersal and seed survival in soil. The main agriculture operations that interference with weed seed bank are crop rotation and primary tillage. Tillage systems affect weed emergence, management, and seed production; therefore, changing tillage practices changes the composition, vertical distribution, and density of weed seed bank in agricultural soils. Weed species vary in their response to various crop rotations, due to the variability of weed-crop competition in their relative capacity to capture growth–limiting resources. Crop rotations affect weed emergence, management, composition, and density of weed seed bank. Finally, the study suggests elevating crop competitiveness against weeds, through a combination of crop rotation and reduce_ zero tillage, has strong potential to reduce weed-induced yield losses in crop.

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Disentangling the Effects of Tillage Timing and Weather on Weed Community Assembly

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

Weed Seedbank and Weed Biomass Dynamics in a Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment

Weed Seedbank and Weed Biomass Dynamics in a Long-Term Organic Vegetable Cropping Systems Experiment

Long-Term Soil Nutrient Management Affects Taxonomic and Functional Weed Community Composition and Structure

Review of the Influence of Crop Rotation and Primary Tillage Operations on Weed Seed Bank

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