Disinfection and Sterilization

Sykes, G.; Wilson, G. S.

doi:10.1097/00000441-195907000-00027

Cited by 16 publications

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“…Bacterial spores and nonsporulating bacteria are fairly readily killed by formaldehyde gas (207). A linear relationship exists between the formaldehyde concentration and killing rate.…”

Section: Sporostatic and Sporicidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents

1990

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Bacterial spores are among the most resistant of all living cells to biocides, although the response depends on the stage of sporulation. The development of resistance to some agents such as chlorhexidine occurs much earlier in sporulation than does resistance to glutaraldehyde, which is a very late event. During germination or outgrowth or both, resistance is lost and the cells become as susceptible to biocides as nonsporulating bacteria. Mechanisms of spore resistance to, and the action of, biocides are discussed, and possible means of enhancing antispore activity are considered. The clinical and other uses of sporicidal and sporostatic chemical agents are described.

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“…Bacterial spores and nonsporulating bacteria are fairly readily killed by formaldehyde gas (207). A linear relationship exists between the formaldehyde concentration and killing rate.…”

Section: Sporostatic and Sporicidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…literally, iodine carriers) are considered to be effective bactericidal and sporicidal agents (207,218 VOL. 3,1990 The bactericidal and sporicidal properties of hydrogen peroxide have long been known (4-6, 16, 17, 121, 215, 224-226, 229-231) and are influenced by a variety of factors.…”

Section: Sporostatic and Sporicidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents

1990

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“…Dry-heat inactivation has generally been considered to be primarily an oxidation process (Rahn, 1945;Sykes, 1965;Ernst, 1968). However, this is contradicted by the findings of Pheil et al (1967)~ for example, who showed that the dry-heat resistance of spores is higher in oxygen than in air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Bacillus Spores in Dry Systems at Low and High Temperatures

Molin¹

1977

Journal of General Microbiology

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A plot of the thermal resistance of Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores (log D value) against temperature was linear between 37 and 190 "C (z = 23 "C), provided that the relative humidity of the spore environment was kept below a certain critical level. The corresponding plot for Bacillus stearothermophilus spores was linear in the range 150 to 180 "C (z = 29 "C) but departed from linearity at lower temperatures (decreasing z value). However, the z value of 29 "C was decreased to 23 "C if spores were dried before heat treatment. The straight line corresponding to this new z value was consistent with the inactivation rate at a lower temperature (60 "C). The data indicate that bacterial spores which are treated in dry heat at an environmental relative humidity near zero are inactivated mainly by a drying process. By extrapolation of the thermal resistance plot obtained under these conditions for B. subtilis var. niger spores, the D value at o "C would be about 4 years.

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“…The ability of surface-active bactericides to bind rapidly and in large quantities to the surface of bacteria is important in their efficiency (Sykes, 1965). Standardized suspensions of E. coli treated with 0.5 mM-DDE rapidly took up the drug at both pH 4.0 and 7-0 (Fig.…”

Section: Studies On Ddementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mode of Action of N-(n-Dodecyl)diethanolamine with Particular Reference to the Effect of Protonation on Uptake by Escherichia coli

Lambert

Smith

1977

Journal of General Microbiology

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In a homologous series of N-(n-alky1)diethanolamines antimicrobial activity was related to surface activity and increasing octanol-water partition coefficient. Maximum activity was exhibited by the dodecyl-, tetradecyl-and hexadecyl-derivatives. Dodecyldiethanolamine (DDE) displayed a broad spectrum of activity. Towards Escherichiu coli NCIB8277, its bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity increased as the degree of protonation lessened, and may have been influenced by the formation of micelles. Uptake of DDE by washed suspensions of E. coli was more rapid and more extensive at pH 7.0 than pH 4.0. Within this pH range, bacterial uptake, the octanol-water partition coefficient (lipid solubility) and the proportion of unprotonated DDE all increased. Uptake isotherms at pH values in the range 4.0 to 8.0 are interpreted as signifying different uptake mechanisms for the protonated and unprotonated forms. I N T R O D U C T I O NN-(n-dodecy1)diethanolamine (DDE) is bacteriostatic and bactericidal towards Escherichia coli. We have previously shown (Lambert & Smith, 1976) that at pH 7.0 DDE was taken up by whole cells in less than 3 min, resulting in the rapid leakage of potassium ions and the cessation of glucose oxidation. Sphaeroplast suspensions in isotonic media were destabilized. Nucleotide leakage from whole cells was biphasic, corresponding to an initial loss of low molecular weight pool metabolites (within 10 min) followed by slower efflux of rRNA breakdown products (extending over 3 h) due to the drug-induced activation of latent RNAase I activity (Lambert & Smith, 1977).These observations support the conclusion that DDE is a membrane-active (Hamilton, 1971) antimicrobial agent. In the present paper we compare the antimicrobial activity of homologous N-(n-alky1)diethanolamines and describe the effect of pH on the activity and uptake of DDE. A preliminary report of this investigation has appeared (Lambert & Smith, 1974). No other publications have been found that refer to the antimicrobial activity of the alkyldiethanolamines, although Persianov et al. 24-2

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Disinfection and Sterilization

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents

Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents

Inactivation of Bacillus Spores in Dry Systems at Low and High Temperatures

The Mode of Action of N-(n-Dodecyl)diethanolamine with Particular Reference to the Effect of Protonation on Uptake by Escherichia coli

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