Abstract:Aqueous dispersions of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanopowder were prepared and the effect of the addition of PEG 400, Tween 80 and β-alanine as dispersants was investigated using zeta potential and particle size distribution measurements. Both PEG 400 and β-alanine were found to produce stable dispersions that were used to deposit ITO thin films on glass substrates by dip and spin coating methods. The ITO thin films were heat-treated using both conventional and microwave heat treatment in order to improve th… Show more
“…Films deposited for only 90 seconds were found to be conducting, with the lowest sheet resistance value of 497 Ω/□ and a transparency of 70% at 400 nm, giving a resistivity of 1.99 × 10 −2 Ω.cm. Other materials with similar resistivity include ITO fabricated by different methods 70,71 . Our brief experiment, without optimization, suggested that conducting InN thin films could be fabricated using AACVD.Figure 5( A ) Carrier concentration determined by Mott Schottky Analysis for various composite nitride thin films; ( B ) Band edges of InN, GaN and composite thin films relative to the RHE reference scale as measured by Mott-Schottky.…”
III-nitride materials have been linked with a vast number of exciting applications from power electronics to solar cells. Herein, polycrystalline InN, GaN and systematically controlled InxGa1−xN composite thin films are fabricated on FTO glass by a facile, low-cost and scalable aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. Variation of the indium content in the composite films leads to a dramatic shift in the optical absorbance properties, which correlates with the band edges shifting between those of GaN to InN. Moreover, the photoelectrochemical properties are shown to vary with indium content, with the 50% indium composite having an external quantum efficiency of around 8%. Whilst the overall photocurrent is found to be low, the photocurrent stability is shown to be excellent, with little degradation seen over 1 hour. These findings demonstrate a new and low-cost method for fabricating polycrystalline III-nitrides, which have a range of interesting properties that are highly sought after for many applications.
“…Films deposited for only 90 seconds were found to be conducting, with the lowest sheet resistance value of 497 Ω/□ and a transparency of 70% at 400 nm, giving a resistivity of 1.99 × 10 −2 Ω.cm. Other materials with similar resistivity include ITO fabricated by different methods 70,71 . Our brief experiment, without optimization, suggested that conducting InN thin films could be fabricated using AACVD.Figure 5( A ) Carrier concentration determined by Mott Schottky Analysis for various composite nitride thin films; ( B ) Band edges of InN, GaN and composite thin films relative to the RHE reference scale as measured by Mott-Schottky.…”
III-nitride materials have been linked with a vast number of exciting applications from power electronics to solar cells. Herein, polycrystalline InN, GaN and systematically controlled InxGa1−xN composite thin films are fabricated on FTO glass by a facile, low-cost and scalable aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. Variation of the indium content in the composite films leads to a dramatic shift in the optical absorbance properties, which correlates with the band edges shifting between those of GaN to InN. Moreover, the photoelectrochemical properties are shown to vary with indium content, with the 50% indium composite having an external quantum efficiency of around 8%. Whilst the overall photocurrent is found to be low, the photocurrent stability is shown to be excellent, with little degradation seen over 1 hour. These findings demonstrate a new and low-cost method for fabricating polycrystalline III-nitrides, which have a range of interesting properties that are highly sought after for many applications.
“…Recently, some of the UCL authors reported that ITO thin films could be prepared on glass substrates by dip and spin-coating methods . Aqueous dispersions of “ITO nanopowder” (made via continuous hydrothermal synthesis) were prepared and assessed for stability in a range of surface agents, for example, PEG 400, Tween 80, and β-alanine.…”
Section: Electronics Information
and Communication
Technologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Aqueous dispersions of “ITO nanopowder” (made via continuous hydrothermal synthesis) were prepared and assessed for stability in a range of surface agents, for example, PEG 400, Tween 80, and β-alanine. Both PEG 400 and β-alanine were found to produce stable dispersions that could be used to form good quality films after heat-treating, using both conventional and microwave heat-treatments . All of the films exhibited an average transmittance of >80% over the visible spectrum.…”
Section: Electronics Information
and Communication
Technologymentioning
Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the emerging field of nanotechnology. Their unique and tunable size-dependent properties (in the range 1-100 nm) make these materials indispensable in many modern technological applications. In this Review, we summarize the state-of-art in the manufacture and applications of inorganic nanoparticles made using continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) processes. First, we introduce ideal requirements of any flow process for nanoceramics production, outline different approaches to CHFS, and introduce the pertinent properties of supercritical water and issues around mixing in flow, to generate nanoparticles. This Review then gives comprehensive coverage of the current application space for CHFS-made nanomaterials including optical, healthcare, electronics (including sensors, information, and communication technologies), catalysis, devices (including energy harvesting/conversion/fuels), and energy storage applications. Thereafter, topics of precursor chemistry and products, as well as materials or structures, are discussed (surface-functionalized hybrids, nanocomposites, nanograined coatings and monoliths, and metal-organic frameworks). Later, this Review focuses on some of the key apparatus innovations in the field, such as in situ flow/rapid heating systems (to investigate kinetics and mechanisms), approaches to high throughput flow syntheses (for nanomaterials discovery), as well as recent developments in scale-up of hydrothermal flow processes. Finally, this Review covers environmental considerations, future directions and capabilities, along with the conclusions and outlook.
“…Nevertheless, smaller particle size shown in the HRTEM and FWHM is concerned with Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek (DVLO) theory [12]. In DLVO theory, the potential energy of van der Waals attraction and the potential energy of the electrical double layer interaction [13] are summed to provide a total interaction potential energy between colloidal particles.…”
In this study, ITO nanoparticles (ITO-NPs) were reused from ITO target scraps to synthesize low cost ITO-NPs and to apply to make sputtering target for transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). By controlling heat-treatment temperature as 980 °C, we achieved reused ITO-NPs having Brunauer, Emmett and Teller specific surface area (BET SSA) and average particle size 8.05 m2/g and 103.8 nm, respectively. The BET SSA decreases along with increasing heat-treatment temperature. The ITO-NPs were grown as round mound shape, and highly crystallized to (222) preferred orientations. Also, applying the reused ITO-NPs, we achieved an ITO target of which density was 99.6%. Using the ITO target, we achieved high quality TCE layer of which sheet resistance and optical transmittance at 550 nm were 29.5 Ω/sq. and 82.3%. Thus, it was confirmed that the reused ITO-NPs was feasible to sputtering target for TCEs layer.
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