“…This method was compared with reported DLLME studies ( Ahmadi-Jouibari et al, 2022 , Huang et al, 2020 , Jia et al, 2020 , Toloza et al, 2020 ) by comparing the extraction methods, extractant solvents, dispersant solvents, centrifugation, ice baths, dryness, dissolution, detection methods, LODs, and ER values ( Table 3 ). Compared with other studies, this method used green MDES as an extractant solvent to replace toxic extractants (such as carbon tetrachloride).…”