Disposable and Low-Cost Electrode Based on Graphene Paper-Nafion-Bi Nanostructures for Ultra-Trace Determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II)

Scandurra, Antonino; Ruffino, F.; Urso, Mario; Grimaldi, Maria Grazia; Mirabella, S.

doi:10.3390/nano10081620

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These negatively charged sulfonic groups with reduced thiol groups help bind Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions, improving the limit of detection. A LOD of 0.1 ppb with a 5–100 ppb linear range was reported [ 139 ]. Pizzaro et al fabricated a green and inexpensive electrochemical sensor using graphene quantum dots and Nafion to determine Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ .…”

Section: Salient Applications Of 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D materials: increscent quantum flatland with immense potential for applications

et al. 2022

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Quantum flatland i.e., the family of two dimensional (2D) quantum materials has become increscent and has already encompassed elemental atomic sheets (Xenes), 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), 2D metal nitrides/carbides/carbonitrides (MXenes), 2D metal oxides, 2D metal phosphides, 2D metal halides, 2D mixed oxides, etc. and still new members are being explored. Owing to the occurrence of various structural phases of each 2D material and each exhibiting a unique electronic structure; bestows distinct physical and chemical properties. In the early years, world record electronic mobility and fractional quantum Hall effect of graphene attracted attention. Thanks to excellent electronic mobility, and extreme sensitivity of their electronic structures towards the adjacent environment, 2D materials have been employed as various ultrafast precision sensors such as gas/fire/light/strain sensors and in trace-level molecular detectors and disease diagnosis. 2D materials, their doped versions, and their hetero layers and hybrids have been successfully employed in electronic/photonic/optoelectronic/spintronic and straintronic chips. In recent times, quantum behavior such as the existence of a superconducting phase in moiré hetero layers, the feasibility of hyperbolic photonic metamaterials, mechanical metamaterials with negative Poisson ratio, and potential usage in second/third harmonic generation and electromagnetic shields, etc. have raised the expectations further. High surface area, excellent young’s moduli, and anchoring/coupling capability bolster hopes for their usage as nanofillers in polymers, glass, and soft metals. Even though lab-scale demonstrations have been showcased, large-scale applications such as solar cells, LEDs, flat panel displays, hybrid energy storage, catalysis (including water splitting and CO2 reduction), etc. will catch up. While new members of the flatland family will be invented, new methods of large-scale synthesis of defect-free crystals will be explored and novel applications will emerge, it is expected. Achieving a high level of in-plane doping in 2D materials without adding defects is a challenge to work on. Development of understanding of inter-layer coupling and its effects on electron injection/excited state electron transfer at the 2D-2D interfaces will lead to future generation heterolayer devices and sensors.

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Section: Salient Applications Of 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D materials: increscent quantum flatland with immense potential for applications

et al. 2022

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“…Scandurra et al., have developed Bi nanostructure‐based graphene paper electrodes. Nafion is drop cast on graphene paper and the electrode was soaked in 100 ppm Bi 3+ solution for the exchange of Bi ions on the electrode surface [122] . Gil et al., have developed chemically synthesized Bi modified SPE for the detection of Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Zn 2+ ions.…”

Section: Advances In the Development Of Non‐noble Metal‐based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nafion is drop cast on graphene paper and the electrode was soaked in 100 ppm Bi 3 + solution for the exchange of Bi ions on the electrode surface. [122] Gil et al, have developed chemically synthesized Bi modified SPE for the detection of Cd 2 + , Pb 2 + , and Zn 2 + ions. The Bi nanoparticles were chemically synthesized and drop-coated on the SPE and detection was performed at a pH of 4.5 in acetate buffer solution.…”

Section: Non-noble Metal-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposable Sensors for Heavy Metals Detection: A Review of Carbon and Non‐Noble Metal‐Based Receptors

Dahake

Bansiwal

2022

ChemistrySelect

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Heavy metals and metalloid pollution poses a severe threat to the environment and human health. Various anthropogenic sources are responsible for the release of these contaminants into the water and food chain of humans and animals. To protect the environment and human health, the detection of heavy metals in various environmental matrices becomes vital. Sophisticated lab-based instruments require more time, effort, and huge investments which warrants the requirement of fieldbased disposable sensors. Various optical and electrochemical sensors are reported to demonstrate good sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits (LOD). The disposable electrodes comprised of glass, paper, plastic, and fabric are gaining importance owing to the ease of application in field analysis, reproducibility, and low cost. The majority of these sensors are based on noble/precious metals namely gold, silver, and platinum. However, limited availability and high cost of these receptors restrict wide spread applicability of these sensors. Numerous earth-abundant materials and non-noble metalbased sensors are also evolving recently due to several advantages namely large-scale availability, ease of modifications, stability, and shelf life which overcomes the limitations of noble/precious metals-based sensors. The present review provides a review of recent advances in various non-noble and earth-abundant micro and nanomaterials used as receptors in optical and electrochemical biosensors for the detection of metals/metalloids in various matrices. The review also highlights the strategies for the design and fabrication of disposable electrodes, their modification methods, detection strategy, and mechanism involved in the detection of heavy metals. Various gaps existing in the reported sensor systems and future perspectives are also delineated in the present manuscript.

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“…The simultaneous electrochemical determination of heavy metals using a sensor based on a nanocomposite consisting of fluorinated graphene and gold nanocage was reported by Zhao [ 8 ]. A disposable electrode based on graphene paper–Nafion–Bi nanostructures for ultra-trace analysis of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ has been proposed [ 9 ]. Hassan et al developed a bimetallic Hg-Bi composite supported on a poly(1,2-diaminoanthraquinone)/glassy carbon-modified electrode for the single and simultaneous voltammetric sensing of Pb 2+ , Cd 2 + and Zn 2+ [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensing of Pb2+ and Cd2+ Ions with the Use of Electrode Modified with Carbon-Covered Halloysite and Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2022

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A novel voltammetric method for the sensitive and selective determination of cadmium and lead ions using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified with carbon-deposited natural halloysite (C_Hal) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was developed. The electrochemical properties of the proposed sensor were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), while the morphology and structure were established by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). A two-factorial central composite design (CCD) was employed to select the composition of the nanocomposite modifying the electrode surface. The optimal measuring parameters of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) used for quantitative analysis were established with the Nelder–Mead simplex method. In the analytical investigation of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions by DPASV, the MWCNTs/C_Hal/Nafion/SPCE exhibited a linear response in the concentration range of 0.1–10.0 µmol L−1 (for both ions) with a detection limit of 0.0051 and 0.0106 µmol L−1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of metal ions in different natural water and honey samples with recovery values of 96.4–101.6%.

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Disposable and Low-Cost Electrode Based on Graphene Paper-Nafion-Bi Nanostructures for Ultra-Trace Determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II)

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

2D materials: increscent quantum flatland with immense potential for applications

2D materials: increscent quantum flatland with immense potential for applications

Disposable Sensors for Heavy Metals Detection: A Review of Carbon and Non‐Noble Metal‐Based Receptors

Electrochemical Sensing of Pb2+ and Cd2+ Ions with the Use of Electrode Modified with Carbon-Covered Halloysite and Carbon Nanotubes

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