Disposal Practices and Utilization of Red Mud (Bauxite Residue): A Review in Indian Context and Abroad

Rai, Suchita; Bahadure, Sneha; Chaddha, M. J.; Agnihotri, Anupam

doi:10.1007/s40831-019-00247-5

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The term “red mud” is established and derived from the two words of “red”, which refers to the color, and “mud”, which refers to the waste generated after the alumina extraction from the bauxite ore, by a calcination process. Generally, 2.5–3 kg of red mud is produced in each 1 kg of Al production from the bauxite industry [ 1 ]. As the global production of aluminum is approximately 64 million tons, this result in 160 million tons of red mud to dispose of.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

Samal

2021

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An overview is presented on the prospective use of red mud as a resource in this review. Various scopes are suggested for the utilization of red mud to maintain a sustainable environment. The potential use of red mud covers the valuable metal recovery that could emphasize the use of red mud as a resource. Red mud could act as reduced slag in the metallurgical field for the extraction of minerals and metals for upscale application. Although many studies have revealed the potential utilization of red mud, most of them are only limited to a lab-scale basis. Therefore, a large-scale investigation on recycling of red mud for the extraction in the area of the metal recovery section will draw attention to the extensive use of red mud. Metal ions of major elements Fe (44 wt.%), Al (18.2 wt.%), Si (14.3 wt.%), Ti (9.3 wt.%), Na (6.2 wt.%), Ca (4.4 wt.%) as major elements and of Mg, V, Mn, Cr, K as minor elements and rare earth elements such as Ce (102 mg/kg), La (56 mg/kg), Sc (47 mg/kg), Nd (45 mg/kg), Sm (9 mg/kg). Moreover, an appropriate in-house metal recovery facility with the alumina industry will come out as a cost–benefit analysis.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

Samal

2021

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They similarly referred to the specific surface area between 14 and 25 m 2 .g −1 . Finally, according to this paper, red mud real density is around 3 to 3.8 g.cm −3 [70]. The red mud's surface area may vary according to the type of manufacturing process and their methodologies.…”

Section: Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The red mud also can be converted into a dry cake as pressure filters reduce its moisture content. Then, it is stored using dry mud stacking, which is less hazardous [70,71].…”

Section: Global Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have estimated the volume of red mud generated. Reported values range from 0.3 ton for each ton of best quality bauxite processed to 2.5 ton per ton of lower quality bauxite [11,70].…”

Section: Global Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its characteristics make it suitable for ceramics manufacture (tiles and pigments) and impermeable material to cover landfills or highways. Most patents consist of red mud in construction, metallurgical, pollution control industries, and catalyst and catalyst support [49,70,73,95].…”

Section: Research 231 Possible Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Red Mud from the Aluminium Industry: Production, Characteristics, and Alternative Applications in Construction Materials—A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

About 120 million tons of red mud is produced worldwide each year. Due to its high basicity and potential leaching, its storage is a critical environmental problem. This material is typically stored in dams, which demands prior care of the disposal area and includes monitoring and maintenance throughout its useful life. Consequently, it is crucial to figure out an industrial solution able to consumes large volumes of this material. At this moment, there are several studies, the majority in metallurgical procedures, building materials, and in the chemical industry, discussing how to reuse red mud. This paper provides a review of the aluminium process, including metal importance, its global production, and the environmental impact due to its manufacture process. It presents a review of the potential application of red mud showing its overall generation, some relevant characterisation results collected from the literature, and its utilisation in diverse areas of engineering. The study aimed to highlight applications where red mud characteristics may be favourable.

show abstract

Characterization and Applications of Red Mud, an Aluminum Industry Waste Material, in the Construction and Building Industries, as well as Catalysis

Al-Fakih

Nor

Basha

et al. 2023

The Chemical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The disposal of red mud (RM), a waste material generated by the aluminum industry, remains a global environmental concern because of its high alkalinity and smaller particle size, which have the potential to pollute air, soil, and water. Recently, efforts have been made to develop a strategy for reusing industrial byproducts, such as RM, and turning waste into value‐added products. The use of RM as (i) a supplementary cementitious material for construction and building materials, such as cement, concrete, bricks, ceramics, and geopolymers, and (ii) a catalyst is discussed in this review. Furthermore, the physical, chemical, mineralogical, structural, and thermal properties of RM, as well as its environmental impact, are also discussed in this review. It is possible to conclude that using RM in catalysis, cement, and construction industries is the most efficient way to recycle this byproduct on a large scale. However, the low cementitious properties of RM can be attributed to a reduction in the fresh and mechanical properties of composites incorporating RM. On the other hand, RM can be used as an efficient active catalyst to synthesize organic molecules and reduce air pollution, which not only makes use of solid waste but also lowers the price of the catalyst. The review provides basic information on the characterization of RM and its suitability in various applications, paving the way for more advanced research on the sustainable disposal of RM waste. Future research perspectives on the utilization of RM are also addressed.

show abstract

Disposal Practices and Utilization of Red Mud (Bauxite Residue): A Review in Indian Context and Abroad

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

Red Mud from the Aluminium Industry: Production, Characteristics, and Alternative Applications in Construction Materials—A Review

Characterization and Applications of Red Mud, an Aluminum Industry Waste Material, in the Construction and Building Industries, as well as Catalysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About