Dispositional Orientations in Competitive Ultimate Frisbee Athletes

Abstract

The primary purpose of this study was to exploring instruments properties of two achievement goal orientation questionnaires and to determine if the subscales are measuring related concepts. A secondary purpose was to examine motivational climate among Ultimate Frisbee (UF) players according to different divisions.
 Data was collected during the European Beach Ultimate Championship (EBUC) 2019. A total of 484 athletes (34.7±9.7 years of age), from 19 countries, were asked to complete a background form, the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) and the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). Participants belonged to 8 competitive divisions: mixed (n=123), grand master men’s (n=61), master mixed (n=59), master men’s (n=57), great grand master men’s (n=52), master women’s (n=51), men’s (n=50) and women’s (n=31).
 The POSQ and TEOSQ demonstrated a reasonable internal consistency. The inter-item reliability coefficients ranged from 0.81 to 0.90, and 0.80 to 0.83, respectively. Correlation between the subscales of the respective instruments were small (r=0.18). Findings indicated that the TEOSQ did not showed an adequate fit to his hypothesized factor structure, while the POSQ showed a good fit of the data to the hypothesized factor structure. Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that there was a significant main effect of UF division on the POSQ scores. High task orientations of UF athletes defines success in self-referenced terms, such as through mastering tasks or improving one’s own personal skills. Although the own nature of UF highlights a culture focused on self-assessment and communication, a variety of environmental and social dynamics could be manipulated by coaches. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas básicas de dos cuestionarios para orientar los objetivos de logro y determinar si las subescalas miden conceptos relacionados. Un objetivo secundario fue examinar la orientación hacia las metas de logro entre los jugadores de Ultimate Frisbee (UF), según las diferentes divisiones. Los datos se recopilaron durante el European Beach Ultimate Championship (EBUC) 2019. Se pidió a un total de 484 atletas (34,7±9,7 años de edad), de 19 países, que completaran un formulario de caracterización individual, el Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) y el Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). Los participantes pertenecían a 8 divisiones competitivas: mixto (n=123), gran maestro masculino (n=61), maestro mixto (n=59), maestro masculino (n=57), gran maestro masculino (n=52), maestro femenino (n=51), hombres (n=50) y mujeres (n=31). POSQ y TEOSQ demostraron una coherencia interna razonable. Los coeficientes de confiabilidad entre los ítems variaron de 0.81 a 0.90 y de 0.80 a 0.83, respectivamente. La correlación entre las subescalas de los respectivos instrumentos fue pequeña (r = 0,18). Los resultados indicaron que TEOSQ no presentó un ajuste adecuado para su estructura factorial hipotética, mientras que POSQ presentó un buen ajuste de los datos para la estructura factorial hipotética. El análisis de varianza multivariado mostró que hubo un efecto significativo importante de la división UF en los resultados POSQ. La alta orientación hacia las tareas de los atletas de la UF define el éxito en términos de referencia propia, como a través del dominio de las tareas o la mejora de sus propias habilidades personales. Aunque la propia naturaleza del UF destaca una cultura centrada en la autoevaluación y la comunicación, los entrenadores pueden manipular una variedad de dinámicas ambientales y sociales.
 O principal objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar as propriedades psicométricas básicas de dois questionários de orientação para os objetivos de realização e determinar se as subescalas medem conceitos relacionados. Um objetivo secundário foi examinar a orientação para os objetivos de realização entre jogadores de Ultimate Frisbee (UF), de acordo com as diferentes divisões. Os dados foram recolhidos durante o European Beach Ultimate Championship (EBUC) 2019. Um total de 484 atletas (34,7±9,7 anos de idade), de 19 países, foram convidados a preencher um formulário de caracterização individual, o Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) e o Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). Os participantes pertenciam a 8 divisões competitivas: mista (n=123), grão-mestre masculino (n=61), mestre misto (n=59), mestre masculino (n=57), grande grão-mestre masculino (n=52), mestre mulheres (n=51), homens (n​=50) e mulheres (n=31). O POSQ e o TEOSQ demonstraram uma consistência interna razoável. Os coeficientes de confiabilidade entre os itens variaram de 0,81 a 0,90 e de 0,80 a 0,83, respectivamente. A correlação entre as subescalas dos respetivos instrumentos foi pequena (r=0,18). Os resultados indicaram que o TEOSQ não apresentou um ajuste adequado para sua estrutura fatorial hipotética, enquanto o POSQ apresentou um bom ajuste dos dados para a estrutura fatorial hipotética. A análise de variância multivariada demonstrou que houve um principal efeito significativo da divisão UF nos resultados do POSQ. A alta orientação para a tarefas dos atletas de UF define o sucesso em termos auto-referenciados, como por meio do domínio de tarefas ou do aprimoramento das próprias habilidades pessoais. Embora a própria natureza do UF destaque uma cultura focada na autoavaliação e comunicação, uma variedade de dinâmicas ambientais e sociais podem ser manipuladas pelos treinadores.

Assessing ethical behavior and self-control in elite ultimate championships: a cross-sectional study using the spirit of the game scoring system

“…A self-refereed sport like Ultimate has the potential to develop pedagogies which teach self-regulation, moral reasoning and communication whilst improving wellbeing through the physical benefits of activity. Therefore, Ultimate has the potential to promote teamwork, task cohesion, leadership, and increase friendship ( 27 ). As such, self-refereeing and SOTG scoring may be employed as a tool for developmental and social education of young people and further contribute to the use of sport experiences to develop athletes’ life skills ( 28 , 29 ).…”

Self-Refereeing System in Ultimate during the Joint Junior Ultimate Championship in Three Different Divisions—A Different Way to Promote Fair-Play?

“…It is also a member of the Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF), the Association of IOC Recognized International Sports Federations (ARISF), the International World Games Association (IWGA), the International Masters Games Association (IMGA), and the Association for the International Sport for All (TAFISA). Ultimate is considered an alternative, hybrid, non-contact sport as it contains rules, movements, and physical demands present in more common team sports such as rugby, basketball, netball, and football [39][40][41].…”

“…SOTG was established as one of the core elements when flying disc sports were founded. It encompasses fair play and sportsmanship, which are strongly emphasized in ultimate [19,20]. The integrity of the sport depends on each player's responsibility to uphold SOTG, and this responsibility should not be taken lightly [21].…”

“…This circle can be used to highlight some positives and/or discuss issues that might have occurred during the game. The objectives of the SOTG scoring system are to: (i) educate players on what SOTG is; (ii) help teams to improve specific aspects of their spirit; and (iii) celebrate SOTG by awarding a prize to the team that earns the highest score [20].…”

Motivational Orientation in University Athletes: Predictions Based on Emotional Intelligence

“…It should also be noted that different studies that have highlighted the fact that task orientation has high levels in sport contexts that are highly related to competition or professional training [ 55 , 56 ]. In short, both task orientation and ego-orientation allow us to distinguish goals, interests, and emotions related to both success and failure and the incidence of contextual factors in athletes [ 57 , 58 ]. However, we must be cautious with these results obtained due to the number of participants who collaborated with this research.…”