Dissecting the cell to nucleus, perinucleus and cytosol

Abstract

Cells have been described under the microscope as organelles containing cytoplasm and the nucleus. However, an unnoted structure exists between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic cells. In addition to the nuclear envelope, there exists a perinuclear region (PNR or perinucleus) with unknown composition and function. Until now, an investigation of the role of the perinucleus has been restricted by the absence of a PNR isolation method. This manuscript describes a perinucleus isolation technique on the basis of its unique compact organization. The perinucleus was found to contain approximately 15 to 18% of the total proteins of the mammalian cell, almost half of the proteins of nuclei. Using four different normal and cancer cell lines, it was shown that the composition of PNR is highly dynamic. Application of the method showed that translocation of the p53 tumor-suppressor protein to the perinucleus in immortalized MEF cells is correlated with the translocation of p53-stabilizing protein, nucleophosmin (B23), to the PNR. Herein, the concept of the perinuclear region is advanced as a formal, identifiable structure. The roles of the perinucleus in maintaining genome integrity, regulation of gene expression and understanding of malignant transformation are discussed.

Nuclear Localization of Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain-associated Protein-1 (ICAP1) Influences β1 Integrin Activation and Recruits Krev/Interaction Trapped-1 (KRIT1) to the Nucleus

“…3D). We do note that, as observed by other investigators (27,41,42), percentages of nuclear ICAP1 measured by fractionation were lower than those obtained by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. Nonetheless, both fluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation indicated that ICAP1 FL is more nuclear than the ICAP1 PTB domain.…”

Cellular mechanosensing: Getting to the nucleus of it all

“…There has also been a report of a highly dynamic perinuclear region of unknown composition and function which may modulate forces propagating to the nucleus (Shaiken and Opekun, 2014), but further investigation is necessary. Continued advances in mass spectrometry will help to explore the role of posttranslational modifications (e.g.…”

Association of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus with prognosis in chronic rhinosinusitis

“…Although the mechanisms of phagocytosis by nonprofessional phagocytes [21][22][23] as well as the ability of S. aureus to exist in multiple cellular compartments including the vacuole, lysosomes, endosomes, or cytosol has been documented 24 ; this perinuclear localization has not been previously noted. The perinuclear region, located between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm of the mammalian cell, has been proposed to have a role in signal transmission between cytoplasm and nucleus 25 and it would be interesting to determine whether ICSA interferes with this process. However, different organelles can be localized in the immediate vicinity of the nucleus, and further studies are needed to determine the localization of ICSA at the ultrastructural level within CRS patient tissues.…”