Dissecting the function of the different chitin synthases in vegetative growth and sexual development in Neurospora crassa

Fajardo-Somera, Rosa A.; Jöhnk, Bastian; Bayram, Özgür; Valerius, Oliver; Braus, Gerhard H.; Riquelme, Meritxell

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2015.01.002

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, Δchs-1, Δchs-3 and Δchs-7 exhibited slower growth (80 % of wild type), while Δchs-5 and Δchs-6 grew at only 35 % of the rate measured in the wild type. Excluding the case of the slow growing Δchs-5, results obtained were in line with those recently described (Fajardo-Somera et al 2015).…”

Section: Deletion Of Chs-5 or Chs-7 Results In A Reduction In Cot-1 (Tsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The fact that deletion/inactivation of some (but not all) single chs-encoding genes in N. crassa results in various changes in hyphal growth rates has been previously described (Beth Din and Yarden, 1994;Beth Din et al 1996;Sanchez-Leon et al 2011;Fajardo-Somera et al 2015). To verify the differences in growth rates of the different mutants under the conditions performed in this study, we first carried out comparative growth tests in which all chs deletion strains were examined in parallel.…”

Section: Deletion Of Chs-5 or Chs-7 Results In A Reduction In Cot-1 (Tmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…All of the seven chs genes in N. crassa (Table 1) were found to be nonessential, suggesting redundancy in chs gene function (Beth Din and Yarden 1994;Beth Din et al 1996;Dunlap et al 2007;Riquelme and Bartnicki-Garcia 2008;SanchezLeon et al 2011;Fajardo-Somera et al 2015). Chitinases are also involved in a variety of functions associated with fungal growth (Kuranda and Robbins 1991;Dunkler et al 2005;Baker et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Neurospora crassa cell wall remodeling via the cot-1 pathway is mediated by gul-1

Herold

Yarden

2016

Curr Genet

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Impairment of the Neurospora crassa Nuclear DBF2-related kinase-encoding gene cot-1 results in pleiotropic effects, including abnormally thick hyphal cell walls and septa. An increase in the transcript abundance of genes encoding chitin and glucan synthases and the chitinase gh18-5, but not the cell wall integrity pathway transcription factor rlm-1, accompany the phenotypic changes observed. Deletion of chs-5 or chs-7 in a cot-1 background results in a reduction of hyperbranching frequency characteristic of the cot-1 parent. gul-1 (a homologue of the yeast SSD1 gene) encodes a translational regulator and has been shown to partially suppress cot-1. We demonstrate that the high expression levels of the cell wall remodeling genes analyzed is curbed, and reaches near wild type levels, when gul-1 is inactivated. This is accompanied by morphological changes that include reduced cell wall thickness and restoration of normal chitin levels. We conclude that gul-1 is a mediator of cell wall remodeling within the cot-1 pathway.

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Section: Deletion Of Chs-5 or Chs-7 Results In A Reduction In Cot-1 (Tsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Deletion Of Chs-5 or Chs-7 Results In A Reduction In Cot-1 (Tmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Neurospora crassa cell wall remodeling via the cot-1 pathway is mediated by gul-1

Herold

Yarden

2016

Curr Genet

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“…, 2015; Sanchez‐Leon et al . , 2011; Takeshita, Yamashita, Ohta, & Horiuchi, 2006; Weber, Assmann, Thines, & Steinberg, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating chitin deacetylation and chitosan hydrolysis during vegetative growth in Magnaporthe oryzae

Geoghegan

Gurr

2017

Cellular Microbiology

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SummaryChitin deacetylation results in the formation of chitosan, a polymer of β1,4‐linked glucosamine. Chitosan is known to have important functions in the cell walls of a number of fungal species, but its role during hyphal growth has not yet been investigated. In this study, we have characterized the role of chitin deacetylation during vegetative hyphal growth in the filamentous phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. We found that chitosan localizes to the septa and lateral cell walls of vegetative hyphae and identified 2 chitin deacetylases expressed during vegetative growth—CDA1 and CDA4. Deletion strains and fluorescent protein fusions demonstrated that CDA1 is necessary for chitin deacetylation in the septa and lateral cell walls of mature hyphae in colony interiors, whereas CDA4 deacetylates chitin in the hyphae at colony margins. However, although the Δcda1 strain was more resistant to cell wall hydrolysis, growth and pathogenic development were otherwise unaffected in the deletion strains. The role of chitosan hydrolysis was also investigated. A single gene encoding a putative chitosanase (CSN) was discovered in M. oryzae and found to be expressed during vegetative growth. However, chitosan localization, vegetative growth, and pathogenic development were unaffected in a CSN deletion strain, rendering the role of this enzyme unclear.

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“…This hypothesis has been proven correct in the past few years. In N. crassa , all CHSs (CHS-1 to CHS-7) accumulate at the core of the Spk 58– 60 , whereas FKS-1, GS-1, and RGF-1 (RHO-1 GEF) accumulate at the periphery of the Spk 61– 63 . The localization pattern of CHS and the GSC in the inner and outer regions of the Spk corresponds to the microvesicular (chitosomes) and macrovesicular regions of the Spk ( Figure 1B and Figure 3), revealed by transmission electron microscopy in N. crassa and by electron tomography in A. nidulans 64, 65 .…”

Section: The Apical Machinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons

Riquelme

Martínez‐Núñez

2016

F1000Res

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Filamentous fungi have proven to be a better-suited model system than unicellular yeasts in analyses of cellular processes such as polarized growth, exocytosis, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton-based organelle traffic. For example, the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa develops a variety of cellular forms. Studying the molecular basis of these forms has led to a better, yet incipient, understanding of polarized growth. Polarity factors as well as Rho GTPases, septins, and a localized delivery of vesicles are the central elements described so far that participate in the shift from isotropic to polarized growth. The growth of the cell wall by apical biosynthesis and remodeling of polysaccharide components is a key process in hyphal morphogenesis. The coordinated action of motor proteins and Rab GTPases mediates the vesicular journey along the hyphae toward the apex, where the exocyst mediates vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. Cytoplasmic microtubules and actin microfilaments serve as tracks for the transport of vesicular carriers as well as organelles in the tubular cell, contributing to polarization. In addition to exocytosis, endocytosis is required to set and maintain the apical polarity of the cell. Here, we summarize some of the most recent breakthroughs in hyphal morphogenesis and apical growth in N. crassa and the emerging questions that we believe should be addressed.

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Dissecting the function of the different chitin synthases in vegetative growth and sexual development in Neurospora crassa

Cited by 51 publications

References 100 publications

Regulation of Neurospora crassa cell wall remodeling via the cot-1 pathway is mediated by gul-1

Regulation of Neurospora crassa cell wall remodeling via the cot-1 pathway is mediated by gul-1

Investigating chitin deacetylation and chitosan hydrolysis during vegetative growth in Magnaporthe oryzae

Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons

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