Disseminated Cryptococcosis and Pulmonary Mucormycosis: Dealing with Dual Mycoses in a Renal Transplant Patient

Gupta, Parakriti; Kaur, Harsimran; Rompally, Satwika; Muthu, Valliappan; Kollabathula, Arpitha; Sharma, Arun; Srivastava, Sonakshi; Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M

doi:10.1007/s11046-022-00700-2

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“…(Arndt et al, 2009;Bergantim et al, 2013;Henn et al, 2014;Obradovic-Tomasev et al, 2014;Pandey et al, 2019;Anita et al, 2021; Bellanger Benhadid-Brahmi et al, 2022;Johnson et al, 2021;Moorthy et al, 2021;Paul et al (2022); Ramıŕez-Hinojosa et al, 2021;Singh et al, 2021;Zayet et al, 2021;Rahna et al, 2022;Suresh et al, 2022;Tabarsi et al, 2022;Teng et al, 2022;Zhan et al, 2022;Murray et al, 2023;Sardeshmukh et al, 2023), Fusarium spp. (De Almeida Junior et al, 2015;Marino et al, 2023), Candida albicans (Obradovic-Tomasev et al, 2014;Pandey et al, 2019;Jawanda et al, 2022), Cryptococcus neoformans (Henn et al, 2014;Gupta et al, 2023), Lomentospora prolificans (Erami et al, 2023), and Scedosporium apiospermum (Shand et al, 2004;Marques et al, 2011;Song et al, 2022;Kanaujia et al, 2023).…”

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Development of a monoclonal antibody and a lateral-flow device for the rapid detection of a Mucorales-specific biomarker

Thornton,

Davies,

Dougherty

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Mucoromycosis is a highly aggressive angio-invasive disease of humans caused by fungi in the zygomycete order, Mucorales. While Rhizopus arrhizus is the principal agent of mucoromycosis, other Mucorales fungi including Apophysomyces, Cunninghamella, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Rhizomucor and Syncephalastrum are able to cause life-threatening rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary, gastro-intestinal and necrotising cutaneous infections in humans. Diagnosis of the disease currently relies on non-specific CT, lengthy and insensitive culture from invasive biopsy, and time-consuming histopathology of tissue samples. At present, there are no rapid antigen tests that detect Mucorales-specific biomarkers of infection, and which allow point-of-care diagnosis of mucoromycosis. Here, we report the development of an IgG2b monoclonal antibody (mAb), TG11, which binds to extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) antigens of between 20 kDa and 250 kDa secreted during hyphal growth of Mucorales fungi. The mAb is Mucorales-specific and does not cross-react with other yeasts and molds of clinical importance including Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Fusarium, Lomentospora and Scedosporium species. Using the mAb, we have developed a Competitive lateral-flow device that allows rapid (30 min) detection of the EPS biomarker in human serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), with a limit of detection (LOD) in human serum of ~100 ng/mL serum (~224.7 pmol/L serum). The LFD therefore provides a potential novel opportunity for detection of mucoromycosis caused by different Mucorales species.

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