Disseminated Cutaneous Eruption after BCG Vaccination

Rositto, Alicia; Molinaro, Liliana; Larralde, Margarita; Ranalletta, Maria; Drut, Ricardo

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.1996.tb00723.x

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Haemo phagocytic syndrome has also been seen to develop after adjuvant intravesical BCG therapy 73 and BCG vaccination. 74 The incidence of bacteria-associated haemophagocytic syndrome varies between studies. 9,46,75 Haemophagocytic syndrome associated with pyogenic bacteria can sometimes carry a better prognosis than virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome.…”

Section: Bacteria Parasite and Fungi-associated Haemophagocytic Synmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome

Rouphael

Talati

Vaughan

et al. 2007

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

518

483

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Haemophagocytic syndrome or haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare disease that is often fatal despite treatment. Haemophagocytic syndrome is caused by a dysregulation in natural killer T-cell function, resulting in activation and proliferation of lymphocytes or histiocytes with uncontrolled haemophagocytosis and cytokine overproduction. The syndrome is characterised by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, liver dysfunction, and hyperferritinaemia. Haemophagocytic syndrome can be either primary, with a genetic aetiology, or secondary, associated with malignancies, autoimmune diseases, or infections. Infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome are most frequently caused by viruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We present a case of EBV-associated haemophagocytic syndrome in a young adult with no known immunosuppression. We briefly review haemophagocytic syndrome and then discuss its associated infections, particularly EBV and other herpes viruses, HIV, influenza, parvovirus, and hepatitis viruses, as well as bacterial, fungal, and parasitic organisms.

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Section: Bacteria Parasite and Fungi-associated Haemophagocytic Synmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome

Rouphael

Talati

Vaughan

et al. 2007

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

518

483

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“…Early diagnostic confirmation and the timely administration of anti-tuberculous medication seem to be crucial in these patients. One reported case of HPS occurred after childhood vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin [75]. HPS has also been described in association with brucellosis, with Brucella melitensis being the most frequently isolated organism [76].…”

Section: Hps Associated With Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debate around infection-dependent hemophagocytic syndrome in paediatrics

2013

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BackgroundHemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is clinically defined as a combination of fever, liver dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, pancytopenia, progressive macrophage proliferation throughout the reticuloendothelial system, and cytokine over-production, and may be primary or secondary to infectious, auto-immune, and tumoral diseases. The most consistent association is with viral infections but, as it is still debated whether any micro-organisms are involved in its pathogenesis, we critically appraised the literature concerning HPS and its relationship with infections.DiscussionInfection-dependent HPS has been widely observed, but there are no data concerning its incidence in children. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of HPS may clarify the interactions between the immune system and the variously implicated potential infectious agents. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been prominently associated with HPS, with clonal proliferation and the hyperactivation of EBV-infected T cells. However, a number of other viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections have been reported in association with HPS. In the case of low-risk HPS, corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin or cyclosporine A may be sufficient to control the biological process, but etoposide is recommended as a means of reversing infection-dependent lymphohistiocytic dysregulation in high-risk cases.SummaryHPS is a potential complication of various infections. A polymerase chain reaction search for infectious agents including EBV, cytomegalovirus and Leishmania is recommended in clinical settings characterised by non-remitting fever, organomegaly, cytopenia and hyperferritinemia.

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“…IL1-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine largely involved in the hyperinflammation syndrome caused by COVID-19 [23] and its secretion can be stimulated by SARS-CoV- Molecular mimicry and a potential immune response mediated by anti-spike antibodies have also been implicated [24]. The occurrence of HLH after vaccination is a very rare condition, but it has been described for other vaccines, such as influenza [25,26], measles [27], and BCG vaccination [28]. There are reports of HLH following other types of COVID-19 vaccines like the ChAdOx1 AstraZeneca ® vaccine [29,30] and inactive vaccine [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Fever after COVID-19 Vaccination in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis: A Call for Attention

Rodrigues¹,

Carvalho²,

Ventura³

et al. 2023

GE Port J Gastroenterol

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The development of vaccinations has been game-changing in the ongoing effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Until now, adverse effects are being reported at low frequency, including thrombocytopenia and myocarditis. Careful monitoring for any suspicious symptoms and signs following vaccination is necessary. We report a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a 23-year-old female with ulcerative colitis. Diagnosis was made according to HLH-2004 criteria and the patient was treated with dexamethasone with response. Our report aimed to draw attention to the potential relation between COVID-19 vaccines and HLH and the necessity of continued surveillance, especially in at-risk populations such as those with underlying immune dysregulation.

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Disseminated Cutaneous Eruption after BCG Vaccination

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome

Infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome

Debate around infection-dependent hemophagocytic syndrome in paediatrics

Persistent Fever after COVID-19 Vaccination in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis: A Call for Attention

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