Dissipation of Fomesafen in New York State Soils and Potential to Cause Carryover Injury to Sweet Corn

Abstract

The manufacturer's recommended rate for fomesafen in snap beans, dry beans, and soybeans may cause carryover injury in sweet corn. A field experiment, a survey, and multiple greenhouse experiments were conducted to (1) estimate the fomesafen residue concentrations in the soil that might result from use of lower than registered rates, (2) estimate fomesafen residue concentrations in growers' fields and evaluate grower practices for their effects on carryover potential, and (3) investigate the effects of soil type and sweet corn variety on the potential for fomesafen to cause injury to sweet corn. Results of the dissipation study predicted average soil concentrations to be approximately 0.019 mg fomesafen/kg soil at the start of the sweet corn planting season. Half-life values ranged between 28 and 66 d, with an average of 50 d. Residues in grower fields were slightly less than those found in the dissipation study. Injury from fomesafen varied significantly by sweet corn variety and by soil type. Sweet corn grown in soils with high organic matter and low pH were most susceptible to injury from fomesafen. At high rates of fomesafen (0.12 mg/kg), reductions in dry weight of sweet corn varieties ranged from 5 to 60%. At rates of fomesafen slightly higher than those detected in field soils at the time of sweet corn planting (0.03 mg/kg), dry weight either increased slightly (variety trial) or decreased by 6 to 12% (soil-effect trial) depending on soil type. The risk of sweet corn yield losses because of fomesafen carryover appear relatively low. Growers can reduce the risk of carryover injury by planting tolerant varieties in fields where fomesafen was applied the preceding year.

Atividade residual de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência na cultura da soja sobre o milheto cultivado em sucessão

“…No entanto, sua sorção encontra-se estritamente relacionada com o pH do solo (Guo et al, 2003). Apesar de o fomesafen apresentar meia-vida de 66 dias, chegando a 100 dias em solos da região dos cerrados (Cobucci et al, 1998;Rauch et al, 2007), Artuzi & Contieiro (2006) não constataram efeitos negativos dele sobre o milho cultivado em sucessão à soja, após 90 dias após da aplicação deste herbicida. Embora a sucessão de culturas seja uma realidade no Brasil, pouco tem sido feito a fim de avaliar o efeito residual de herbicidas utilizados na cultura da soja sobre culturas de sucessão, como o milheto.…”

Induction of Herbicide Detoxifying Enzyme in Maize by Chiral 3-Dichloroacetyl Oxazolidine

“…Then, the seeds were germinated in dishes in a growth chamber for 24 hours (Figure 3). The recommended field application dose of fomesafen was 3.75 mg kg -1 and an average half-life value of fomesafen was 50 d which means that the concentration of fomesafen in soil was 0.96 mg kg -1 after it had been applied 100 d (Rauch et al 2007;Wu et al 2014). So, in this study, 1 mg kg -1 was chosen as the concentration of fomesafen in soil.…”

“…Fomesafen applied preemergence in soybean as a selective herbicide with both root and shoot activity (Peachey et al 2012). But, it has been reported that recommended dosage of fomesafen in soybeans may cause carryover injury to corn and the injury was varied significantly by plant variety and soil conditions (Rauch et al 2007;Cieslik et al 2014). When sweet corn was sown in high pH and low organic matter soils, injury of fomesafen was more serious compared with other soil types.…”

Evaluation of Non-fumigant Pesticides as Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Managing Weeds in Vegetables

“…In contrast, fomesafen degradation under anaerobic conditions was less than 3 weeks [5]. Rauch et al [31] reported fomesafen field DT 50 varied between 28 and 66 days. Fomesafen has been the focus of several research studies to determine its potential preemergence soil residual activity in vegetables, with testing in tomato for control of American black nightshade (Solanum americanum Miller) [32], cucurbits for Amaranthus spp.…”