Dissipative and Dispersive Optomechanics in a Nanocavity Torque Sensor

Wu, Marcelo; Hryciw, Aaron C.; Healey, Chris; Lake, David P.; Jayakumar, Harishankar; Freeman, M. R.; Davis, J. P.; Barclay, Paul E.

doi:10.1103/physrevx.4.021052

Cited by 153 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…which exceeds previous measurements in other systems [19,22] by approximately one order of magnitude. Moreover, it shows the unusual features of the graphene membrane as compared to standard optomechanical membranes, such as SiN, for which this ratio typically is in the range of ∼ 10 −4 .…”

contrasting

confidence: 63%

“…In general they can be divided into dispersive coupling G, which is the change of the cavity resonance frequency ∆ω with the membrane displacement along the cavity axis (z-axis) and into dissipative coupling Γ dp , which is the equivalent change of the cavity electric field decay rate ∆κ. In general these coupling constants can be written as [29]:…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monolayer graphene as dissipative membrane in an optical resonator

2016

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We experimentally demonstrate coupling of an atomically thin, free-standing graphene membrane to an optical cavity. By changing the position of the membrane along the standing-wave field of the cavity we tailor the dissipative coupling between the membrane and the cavity, and we show that the dissipative coupling can outweigh the dispersive coupling. Such a system, for which controlled dissipation prevails dispersion, will prove useful for novel laser-cooling schemes in optomechanics. In addition, we have determined the continuouswave optical damage threshold of free-standing monolayer graphene of 1.8(4) MW/cm 2 at 780nm.The coupling between light and matter is a fundamental ingredient for many applications ranging from highly precise detection of mechanical motion [1,2] to quantum information science [3]. Accurate control over the amplitude and phase of the coupling requires precise localization of the matter relative to the light field. Such control has been experimentally demonstrated using microscopic, point-like physical systems such as single atoms [4], trapped ions [5,6], gold nanoparticles [7], semiconductor quantum dots [8] and NV centers in diamond [9]. Additionally, macroscopic objects, such as SiN membranes have been coupled locally to standing-wave light fields [10,11]. They combine low absorption and high dispersion with very good handling, and they have been used, for example, in optomechanical experiments [12] in which the motion-dependent interaction between the membrane and a light field is studied.Advances in the fabrication of two-dimensional materials, like graphene [13], have made it possible to fabricate atomically thin membranes, which combine the ease of use of macroscopic membranes with the positioning accuracy of a single atom. Owing to their low mass and high stiffness they promise higher vibrational frequencies [14,15] than SiN membranes, which is of great interest for future graphene-based optomechanical applications. Another key difference between membranes made of graphene and those made of SiN is the nature of the light-matter coupling. While for SiN membranes the coupling is dispersive, for graphene membranes it has been predicted to be mostly dissipative since a monolayer of graphene exhibits a single-pass absorption of A ≈ πα = 2.3% in the optical range [16]. Hence, a graphene membrane will cause a position-dependent dissipation of the intra-cavity field, which is wavelengthindependent within the visible to near infra-red spectral range. In contrast to standard dispersive optomechanical coupling [12], a predominantly dissipative coupling between membrane and cavity field could allow for efficient laser cooling of the membrane's motion even outside the resolved sideband regime [17,18].Recently, graphene has been optomechanically coupled to superconducting microwave cavities [15] and to the evanescent field of an optical microsphere-resonator [19], however, in both cases the spatial structure of the electromagnetic field was not resolved in the coupling. Here we present...

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confidence: 63%

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolayer graphene as dissipative membrane in an optical resonator

2016

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“…This could be used to greatly reduce localized heating of the mechanical element, which often constrains the performance of cryogenic quantum optomechanics experiments [32]. More broadly, since the superfluid flow can be generated in a location remote from the mechanical element, superfluid photoconvective forces offer the prospects for remote actuation, a capability that is not available with any cryogenic actuation technique and could be used, for instance, to apply torques at microscale [33]. Furthermore, superfluid flow, once initiated, has been observed to persist for many hours without appreciable decay [34].…”

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confidence: 99%

Microphotonic Forces from Superfluid Flow

et al. 2016

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In cavity optomechanics, radiation pressure and photothermal forces are widely utilized to cool and control micromechanical motion, with applications ranging from precision sensing and quantum information to fundamental science. Here, we realize an alternative approach to optical forcing based on superfluid flow and evaporation in response to optical heating. We demonstrate optical forcing of the motion of a cryogenic microtoroidal resonator at a level of 1.46 nN, roughly 1 order of magnitude larger than the radiation pressure force. We use this force to feedback cool the motion of a microtoroid mechanical mode to 137 mK. The photoconvective forces we demonstrate here provide a new tool for high bandwidth control of mechanical motion in cryogenic conditions, while the ability to apply forces remotely, combined with the persistence of flow in superfluids, offers the prospect for new applications. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.021012 Subject Areas: Photonics, Quantum Physics, SuperfluidityOptical forces are widely utilized in photonic circuits [1,2], micromanipulation [3,4], and biophysics [5,6]. In cavity optomechanics, in particular, optical forces enable cooling and control of microscale mechanical oscillators that can be used for ultrasensitive detection of forces, fields and mass [7][8][9], quantum and classical information systems [10], and fundamental science [11,12]. Recent progress has seen radiation pressure used for coherent state swapping [13], ponderomotive squeezing [14], and ground state cooling [15], while static gradient forces have enabled all-optical routing [16] and nonvolatile mechanical memories [17]. Likewise, photothermal forces, where the mechanical element moves in response to mechanical stress from localized optical absorption and heating, have been used to demonstrate cavity cooling of a semiconductor membrane [18,19], single molecule force spectroscopy [20], and rich chaotic dynamics in suspended mirrors [21].Here, we demonstrate an alternative photoconvective approach to optical forcing that allows an order-ofmagnitude stronger mechanical actuation than radiation pressure. In our implementation, this technique utilizes the convection in superfluids, whereby frictionless fluid flow is generated in response to a local heat source. This well-known superfluid fountain effect [22] is a direct manifestation of the phenomenological two-fluid model proposed by Landau [23] and Tisza [24]. The momentum carried by the helium-4 flow is then transferred to a mechanical element via collision and recoil of superfluid atoms. If the heat source is localized upon the mechanical element, the incident superfluid atoms are either converted to a normal fluid counterflow or evaporated [see Figs. 1(a) and 1(b)]. Alternatively, a distant heat source could be utilized with the mechanical element acting to reroute the superflow.Strong actuation forces are important for a range of techniques in quantum optomechanics, and, most particularly, for protocols that utilize precise measurements combined with feedback act...

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“…Dissipative optomechanical coupling consists in the modulation of the lifetime of the cavity photons through the motion of a mechanical oscillator. Very recently, this effect has been observed in a wide variety of devices [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Dissipative coupling may significantly enhance the detection sensitivity in optomechanically-based sensing schemes [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

External Control of Dissipative Coupling in a Heterogeneously Integrated Photonic Crystal—SOI Waveguide Optomechanical System

et al. 2016

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Cavity optomechanical systems with an enhanced coupling between mechanical motion and electromagnetic radiation have permitted the investigation of many novel physical effects. The optomechanical coupling in the majority of these systems is of dispersive nature: the cavity resonance frequency is modulated by the vibrations of the mechanical oscillator. Dissipative optomechanical interaction, where the photon lifetime in the cavity is modulated by the mechanical motion, has recently attracted considerable interest and opens new avenues in optomechanical control and sensing. In this work we demonstrate an external optical control over the dissipative optomechanical coupling strength mediated by the modulation of the absorption of a quantum dot layer in a hybrid optomechanical system. Such control enhances the capability of tailoring the optomechanical coupling of our platform, which can be used in complement to the previously demonstrated control of the relative (dispersive to dissipative) coupling strength via the geometry of the integrated access waveguide.

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Dissipative and Dispersive Optomechanics in a Nanocavity Torque Sensor

Cited by 153 publications

References 50 publications

Monolayer graphene as dissipative membrane in an optical resonator

Monolayer graphene as dissipative membrane in an optical resonator

Microphotonic Forces from Superfluid Flow

External Control of Dissipative Coupling in a Heterogeneously Integrated Photonic Crystal—SOI Waveguide Optomechanical System

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