Dissociation in children's trauma narratives: An exploratory investigation

Kenardy, Justin; Smith, Andrea M.; Spence, Susan H.; Lilley, Peta-Rochelle; Newcombe, Peter; Dob, Rian; Robinson, Susan R.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.05.007

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…According to historical and recent clinical evidence repeated stress and especially traumatic stress experiences may disturb mental integrity and lead to dissociation of memory and mental experience (Bob 2008a;Brewin 2007;Brown et al 1996;Ellenberger 1970;Frankel 1996;Haule 1983;Kenardy et al 2007;Sar 2006;Sar and Ross 2006;Spiegel 1997;Van Der Hart et al 2005). This clinical evidence is consistent with experimental findings of differential effects of stress on brain systems responsible for encoding and retrieving emotional memories in the amygdala and nonemotional memories in the hippocampal formation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…This clinical evidence is consistent with experimental findings of differential effects of stress on brain systems responsible for encoding and retrieving emotional memories in the amygdala and nonemotional memories in the hippocampal formation. Together these findings indicate that memories formed under high-levels of stress are not qualitatively the same as those formed under ordinary emotional circumstances but display typical forms of disorganization, fragmentation, and incompleteness (Bechara et al 1995;Brewin 2007;Debiec and Altemus 2006;Kenardy et al 2007;LeDoux 1992LeDoux , 1993LeDoux , 1994Nadel and Jacobs 1998;Payne et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…According to recent evidence, stress related conditions frequently affect both episodic and autobiographical memories. For example, Kenardy et al (2007) reported clinical results in a group of eighty-seven children aged 7-15 years exposed to a traumatic event requiring hospitalization which indicate that specifically, children who showed temporal disorganization, but not absence of emotion or dissociative amnesia, in narrative themes were more likely to report concurrent subsyndromal PTSD symptoms at 4-7 weeks post-trauma (Kenardy et al 2007). Other similar data also demonstrate that exposure to a significant psychological stressor preserves or even enhances memory for emotional aspects of an event, and simultaneously disrupts memory for nonemotional aspects of the same event (Payne et al 2006).…”

Section: Dissociated Consciousness and Traumatic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychophysiology of Dissociated Consciousness

Bob

2014

Electrophysiology and Psychophysiology in Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology

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Recent study of consciousness provides an evidence that there is a limit of consciousness, which presents a barrier between conscious and unconscious processes. This barrier likely is specifically manifested as a disturbance of neural mechanisms of consciousness that through distributed brain processing, attentional mechanisms and memory processes enable to constitute integrative conscious experience. According to recent findings a level of conscious integration may change during certain conditions related to experimental cognitive manipulations, hypnosis, or stressful experiences that can lead to dissociation of consciousness. In psychopathological research the term dissociation was proposed by Pierre Janet for explanation of processes related to splitting of consciousness due to traumatic events or during hypnosis. According to several recent findings dissociation of consciousness likely is related to deficits in global distribution of information and may lead to heightened levels of "neural complexity" that reflects brain integration or differentiation based on numbers of independent neural processes in the brain that may be specifically related to various mental disorders.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Dissociated Consciousness and Traumatic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychophysiology of Dissociated Consciousness

Bob

2014

Electrophysiology and Psychophysiology in Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology

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“…Stallard (Stallard, 2003;Stallard & Smith, 2007) found no significant relationship between trauma memory and diagnosis of PTSD in children following road traffic accidents, although the role of head injury was not explored. Similarly, Kenardy et al (2007) found no significant relationship between child dissociative memory disturbance and subsyndromal PTSD. Research with adults has shown mixed results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Which method of posttraumatic stress disorder classification best predicts psychosocial function in children with traumatic brain injury?

Iselin

Brocque

Kenardy

et al. 2010

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…The table shows that all six studies using judge ratings of narratives were consistent in showing greater disorganization or fragmentation in the trauma memodes of adults and children with ASD or PTSD than in healthy controls, some of these differences being highly significant (Halligan, Michael, Clark, & Ehlers, 2003;Harvey & Bryant, 1999;Jelinek, Randjbar, Seifed, Kellner, & Modtz, 2009;Jones, Harvey, & Brewin, 2007;Kenardy et al, 2007;Salmond et al, 2011).…”

Section: Voluntary Episodic Memory In Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 82%

Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Brewin¹

2014

Psychological Bulletin

364

403

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A number of autobiographical memory theories and clinical theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) make claims that are different from standard views of memory and have been the subject of controversy. These claims include the existence of a long-term perceptual memory system supporting conscious experience separate to episodic memory; greater involvement of perceptual memory in the response to emotion-laden and personally meaningful events; increased perceptual memory intrusions accompanied by impaired episodic memory for the traumatic event among PTSD patients; and a lack of association, or inverse association, between indices of voluntary recall and involuntary images relating to the same traumatic materials. In this article I review current research on perceptual memory, which supports the presence of long-term representations that are selective or incomplete reflections of sensory input. The functional independence of perceptual and episodic memory is illustrated by research on verbal overshadowing but is most clearly exemplified by the strong evidence in favor of enhanced perceptual memory and impaired episodic memory in PTSD. Theoretical predictions concerning the relation between perceptual priming and the development of intrusive images, the effect of verbal versus visuospatial secondary tasks on intrusive trauma images, and the independence of voluntary and involuntary memory for the same materials have garnered widespread support. Reasons for the continuing controversy over traumatic memory are discussed, and some implications of the review for general theories of recall and recognition, clinical theories of PTSD, and "special mechanism" views of memory are set out.

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Dissociation in children's trauma narratives: An exploratory investigation

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

Psychophysiology of Dissociated Consciousness

Psychophysiology of Dissociated Consciousness

Which method of posttraumatic stress disorder classification best predicts psychosocial function in children with traumatic brain injury?

Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder.

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