Dissociative amnesia

Staniloiu, Angelica; Markowitsch, Hans J.

doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70279-2

Cited by 118 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…Several features of CS' case might raise suspicion of a 'psychogenic', 'dissociative' or 'functional' form of amnesia (see Table 1). Functional amnesia classically affects autobiographical memory and has been described as a rare cause of ALF (Markowitsch & Staniloiu, 2013;Staniloiu & Markowitsch H, 2014). Her spinal cord injury was a severely stressful life event.…”

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One postulated mechanism of functional or dissociative amnesia is stress-hormone mediated mnestic blockade( e.g. Staniloiu and Markowitsch, 2014). Baclofen can modulate through GABA-B receptors the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis mediated stress hormone responses.…”

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors (e.g. Markowitsch and Staniloiu, 2013;Staniloiu and Markowitsch, 2014) for example raised concerns about the purely organic etiology of the case presented by Levine et al, 2009, a fascinating case, who however, upon on a close look raises the suspicion of a functional amnesia case or at least of a case with a mixed etiology . Furthermore there are several reports of cases with brain damage who showed striking features of dissociative amnesia or functional amnesia (see the review of Staniloiu and Markowitsch, *Detailed Response to Reviewers 2014, in Lancet Psychiatry).In the target case presented in the current manuscript (MS) the somewhat uneven or inconsistent results in autobiographical memory test raise the suspicion of a diagnosis of dissociative or functional or psychogenic amnesia: High scores for the 30's compared to the other epochs.…”

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of these features, together with the distinctive pattern of CS' amnesia (see 4.5), and the resolution of her amnestic episodes and ALF on withdrawal of baclofen, argue strongly for a pharmacological rather than a psychological explanation for her memory symptoms. Such cases suggest that selective Aba can arise from a range of different pathologies, including i) diffuse pathology (Evans JJ, Breen EK, Antoun N, & Hodges JR, 1996;Evans, Graham, Pratt, & Hodges, 2003), ii) right temporofrontal pathology (Levine B et al, 1998;Levine, Svoboda, Turner, Mandic, & Mackey, 2009), iii) visual cortical pathology (Rubin & Greenberg, 1998), iv) temporal lobe epilepsy (Tramoni et al, 2011;Jansari, Davis, McGibbon, Firminger, & Kapur, 2010;Hornberger et al, 2010;Butler et al, 2007) as well as v) functional or dissociative amnesia (Staniloiu & Markowitsch H, 2014;Markowitsch & Staniloiu, 2013) and the recently described syndrome of 'severely deficient autobiographical amnesia in healthy adults' (Palombo, Alain, Soderlund, Khuu, & Levine, 2015). This wide range of potential causes might be predicted from the existence of a complex network subserving autobiographical memory (Svoboda, McKinnon, & Levine, 2006).…”

Section: I) In the Case Report (31) We Have Added Relevant Informatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This wide range of potential causes might be predicted from the existence of a complex network subserving autobiographical memory (Svoboda, McKinnon, & Levine, 2006). While the possibility of dissociative amnesia, considered further below, clearly deserves consideration in a case such as CS', with marked autobiographical amnesia and a degree of mood disturbance, the growing understanding of the range of neurological causes for Aba has enlarged the differential diagnosis (Staniloiu & Markowitsch H, 2014).…”

Section: I) In the Case Report (31) We Have Added Relevant Informatimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain – A detailed case report

Zeman

Hoefeijzers

Milton

et al. 2016

Cortex

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We describe a patient in whom long-term, therapeutic infusion of the selective gamma-amino-butyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor agonist, baclofen, into the cerebrospinal fluid gave rise to three distinct varieties of memory impairment: i) repeated, short periods of severe global amnesia, ii) accelerated long-term forgetting, evident over intervals of days and iii) a loss of established autobiographical memories. This pattern of impairment has been reported in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, in particular the subtype of Transient Epileptic Amnesia. The amnesic episodes and accelerated forgetting remitted on withdrawal of baclofen, while the autobiographical amnesia persisted. This exceptional case highlights the occurrence of 'non-standard' forms of human amnesia, reflecting the biological complexity of memory processes. It suggests a role for GABAB signalling in the modulation of human memory over multiple time-scales and hints at its involvement in 'epileptic amnesia'.Dear Professor Gilboa, Thank you for your comments on our paper, and for the reviews, which we found stimulating and helpful .We were glad that you found the paper 'of great value' overall.We have done as you suggested, resubmitting as a regular manuscript, as we found that dealing with the points raised by the reviewers required some additions to the main text of the paper and to the reference list.We decided to leave the description of the control experiment alluded to in the Results (section 3.3, final sentence) in the Supplementary data, as we felt that its inclusion in the main text of the paper was unnecessary. If you disagree, however, we would of course be happy to move it into the main text.We could supply a version of the paper with all changes 'tracked' if you wish.We hope that you now find the paper acceptable for publication. In these responses, for ease of navigation, we have left the reviewers' original remarks in plain text, have italicised our responses and have highlighted the resulting changes to the text:Reviewer #1: In this manuscript (MS) an interesting case of a 52 year old woman is described who showed a complex symptomatology of memory impairments which were attributed to her treatment with intrathecal baclofen for spasticity. While the paper is well-written in general, I have several concerns and comments, which I am going to outline below.The results are in my eyes not as straight-forward as the authors interpret them. I would therefore recommend that the authors devote some more room to discussing other possible interpretations.a) Although the control participants were matched to CS (the patient) with respect to "age, education and performance on standard psychometric tests" the question is whether baclofen (additionally) affected other functions than memory. In particular one would like to know if it impacted on attention and concentration, motivation (to be tested), mood (depression?), and executive functions. There were no significant differences between CS and control participants on standard measur...

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Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: I) In the Case Report (31) We Have Added Relevant Informatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: I) In the Case Report (31) We Have Added Relevant Informatimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain – A detailed case report

Zeman

Hoefeijzers

Milton

et al. 2016

Cortex

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Dissociative Disorders

2018

Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis, Eighth Edition

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Changing beliefs in repressed memory and dissociative amnesia

Otgaar

Mangiulli

Riesthuis

et al. 2022

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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In three studies, we examined whether beliefs in repressed memory and dissociative amnesia could be changed. Participants provided agreement ratings to statements related to repressed memory and dissociative amnesia. Then, they received a university course which included education on the science of memory. Following this, participants had to re-rate the statements. In Study 3, at Times 1 and 2, participants also received a case vignette on a therapy-induced recovered memory and rated several statements related to this case. Participants who received education on the science of memory were less likely to agree with statements endorsing repressed memory and dissociative amnesia-and participants were more likely to state that the case vignette involved a false memory. Providing education on the science of memory can help people (e.g., legal professionals, people from the general population) to use critical thinking on the topic of repressed memory and dissociative amnesia.

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Dissociative amnesia

Cited by 118 publications

References 113 publications

The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain – A detailed case report

The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain – A detailed case report

Dissociative Disorders

Changing beliefs in repressed memory and dissociative amnesia

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