Dissolved organic nitrogen and its biodegradable portion in a water treatment plant with ozone oxidation

Wadhawan, Tanush; Simsek, Halis; Kasi, Murthy; Knutson, Kristofer; Prüβ, Birgit M.; McEvoy, John; Khan, Eakalak

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.009

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…THNM2 precursors (Figures 6.9f and 6.10f), which were present at very low concentrations (~0.01 µM) before ozonation, had low removals of less than 6% which suggests that non-ozonated THNM precursors were not readily biodegradable. This result was in agreement with the observations by Wadhawan et al (2014) that TCAM precursors are independent from HAN4 precursors in the biodegraded water sample. The SMP released during batch biodegradation could be a major contributor to HAN4 formation, while TCAM could predominantly come from humic substances of the water sample (Huang et al 2012).…”

Section: Biodegradationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

Vera¹,

Andrew²

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The occurrence of natural organic matter (NOM) in source waters presents a concern in water treatment plants due to formation of toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this doctoral thesis, the fate of NOM during ozonation, biofiltration, and chlorination was investigated to identify important aspects in these processes that can be manipulated for better DBP control. Specifically, this thesis studied (1) reaction mechanisms of ozone with dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), an important fraction of NOM that forms nitrogenous DBPs, (2) role of ozone and• OH-mediated attack on NOM and DBP formation during chlorination, and (3) impact of ozonation on biodegradability of DBP precursors.The reaction of ozone with DON (Chapter 4) was observed to produce various transformation products including nitrate (NO 3 -) and ammonium (NH 4 + residual after 24 h = 1 -2 mg/L) as follows: THM4 (37%), HAA8 (44%), CH (107%), HK2 (97%), HAN4 (33%), trichloroacetamide (TCAM, 43%), and AOX (27%), but a decrease in concentrations of THNM2 (43%). Coupling ozonation with biofiltration prior to chlorination effectively lowered the formation potentials of all DBPs including CH, HK2, and THNM2, all of which increased after ozonation. The dynamics of DBP formation potentials during BAC filtration at different EBCTs followed first-order reaction kinetics. Minimum steady-state concentrations were attained at an EBCT of 10 -20 min, depending on the DBP species. The rate of reduction in DBP formation potentials varied among individual species before reaching their minimum concentrations. CH, HK2, and THNM2 had the highest rate constants of between 0.5 and 0.6 min -1 followed by HAN4 (0.4 min -1 ), THM4 (0.3 min -1 ), HAA8 (0.2 min -1 ), and AOX (0.1 min -1 ). Relative to concentrations after ozonation, the reduction in formation potential for most DBPs (e.g., at 15 min EBCT) was less than 50% but was higher than 70% for CH, HK2, and THNM2. The formation of bromine-containing DBPs increased with increasing EBCT likely due to an increase in Br -/DOC ratio.-iv- Dr. Wolfgang Gernjak co-advised me during my PhD candidature and played an integral part in all the chapters of this thesis. He was involved in the initial conceptual thinking, to developing research ideas, identifying appropriate experimental design, and interpreting research data. He also provided critical reviews in all the manuscripts. Declaration by authorDr. Maria José Farré, who was my principal advisor in 2013, is recognized for sharing her expertise in disinfection byproduct research (i.e., from laboratory techniques, instrumentation, and theory). Our regular exchange of viewpoints were essential in the conception of research ideas and approaches related to DBPs. She was also highly involved in the writing and review of manuscripts.Prof. Urs von Gunten, who is a world-leading expert in application of ozone for water treatment, was my host professor during my research visit at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)where I performed the bulk of the experiments repor...

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Section: Biodegradationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

Vera¹,

Andrew²

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“…That is not the case for nitrogenous compounds particularly organic nitrogen which are precursors for N‐DBPs. It has been demonstrated that biofiltration can partially prevent the formation of N‐DBPs and biodegrade (ammonify) organic nitrogen to ammonia (Cuthbertson et al, 2020; Kosaka et al, 2018; Wadhawan et al, 2014; Zheng et al, 2018). However, there is very limited knowledge on the ability of biofiltration to ammonify different groups/fractions of organic nitrogen beyond molecular size.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofiltration for treatment of recent emerging contaminants in water: Current and future perspectives

Thuptimdang

Siripattanakul‐Ratpukdi

Ratpukdi

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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This review article discusses the current state of knowledge on water treatment and reuse by biofiltration systems focusing on biologically enhanced activated carbon (BAC) process. First, the applications of BAC in water treatment systems are overviewed, and then, the mechanisms for both biofilm formation and contaminant treatment are discussed along with the operational parameters influencing the performance of BAC process. Since contaminant removal by BAC is governed by adsorption and biodegradation, both processes are reviewed in relation to the treatment mechanisms. Information on removal of recent emerging contaminants including nitrogenous and unregulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) and their precursors, poly-and perfluorofluoroalkyl substances, nanoparticles, and plasticizers and microplastics by BAC is given along with suggestions for treatment improvements and future research. The uniqueness of this review includes insights on relevant biofilm aspects and the coverage on the abilities of BAC for treatment of recent and less common emerging contaminants especially unregulated DBPs and their precursors, nanoparticles, and plasticizers and microplastics. For future BAC studies, recommendations are proposed on exploring the biofilm development on media and recent emerging contaminants as co-contaminants, as well as developing novel supporting materials such as biochar. © 2020 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points• The amount and the physiology and physical structure of biofilm affect the treatment efficiency of biological activated carbon. • Biological activated carbon is capable of removing a majority of nitrogenous and unregulated disinfection by-products. • Whether and how biological activated carbon is impacted by and/or can remove nanoparticles, and plasticizers and microplastics remain largely unknown. • Future work on biological activated carbon should focus on biofilm evolution and control, and novel support materials.

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“…1−5 For example, DON enrichment has implications for eutrophication in estuaries, 6 precursors of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts in drinking water treatment, 7 and the bioavailability of DON discharged by wastewater treatment facilities. 8,9 The components of DON in aquatic systems may include proteins, humic substance, urea, peptides, amino sugars, purines, pyrimidines, pteridines, amides, methyl amides, and various other compounds. 10 It is not practicable to measure DON concentrations either in aggregate or as the sum of its numerous and diverse components.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantification of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is important for basic and applied research in many disciplines, including atmospheric science, oceanography, and limnology. − For example, DON enrichment has implications for eutrophication in estuaries, precursors of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts in drinking water treatment, and the bioavailability of DON discharged by wastewater treatment facilities. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Limits of Precision for Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Calculations

Saunders

McCutchan

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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The usefulness of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) data to environmental science depends on the precision of each calculated concentration. The precision of a calculated DON concentration is based on propagation of error from the measured nitrogen fractions used to calculate the DON concentration. We present an improved approach for calculating DON precision that strengthens conventional error propagation by developing empirical relationships between precision and concentration for each of the measured nitrogen fractions used to calculate DON concentration. Because the concentration and relative importance of each measured nitrogen fraction differ among samples, DON precision and the corresponding detection limit are likely to be different for each sample. Case studies from two different research efforts, a synoptic study of surface water DON and an experimental assessment of DON leached from heat-treated soils, demonstrate how the proposed approach can be tailored to the analytical methods and concentration ranges expected for any research project. In addition, current recommendations for pretreatment (e.g., dialysis) to improve DON precision should be modified to include consideration of analytical precision. Improved characterization of DON precision facilitates a more realistic assessment of sample-specific detection limits, and the results can be generalized to support decisions about pretreatment and statistical analysis of DON data.

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Dissolved organic nitrogen and its biodegradable portion in a water treatment plant with ozone oxidation

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

Reducing disinfection byproduct formation potential using ozonation and biological drinking water treatment

Biofiltration for treatment of recent emerging contaminants in water: Current and future perspectives

Characterizing Limits of Precision for Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Calculations

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