Distinct gut microbiota profile in antiretroviral therapy-treated perinatally HIV-infected patients associated with cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers

Sessa, Libera; Reddel, Sofia; Manno, Emma Concetta; Quagliariello, Andrea; Cotugno, Nicola; Chierico, Federica Del; Amodio, Donato; Capponi, Claudia; Leone, F.; Bernardi, Stefania; Rossi, Paolo; Putignani, Lorenza

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002131

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Ansaldoi et al (59) demonstrated that A. muciniphila plays a contextdependent role in the induction of gut-resident T-cells during homeostasis in mice. Sessa et al reported in a cross-sectional study of perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents that A. muciniphila abundance was associated with elevated IL-6 and soluble CD14 (65).…”

Section: The Multifunctional Properties Of a Muciniphilamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila: A Sentinel for Gut Permeability and Its Relevance to HIV-Related Inflammation

et al. 2020

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Section: The Multifunctional Properties Of a Muciniphilamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila: A Sentinel for Gut Permeability and Its Relevance to HIV-Related Inflammation

et al. 2020

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“…The massive depletion of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) cell populations during acute infection [ 6 ], only partially restored by antiretroviral therapy (ART), might well be the main determinant of HIV-related dysbiosis [ 7 ]. The extent of GALT injury in the context of vertical Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infection has not been studied; the first studies describing the impact, in terms of the composition of a bacterial ecosystem that develops in the presence of an altered gut, have been published recently with controversial results [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. There is rationale to support the hypothesis that persistence of thymic function in children may as well have an impact on GALT immune reconstitution [ 11 ], and consequently, a distinct effect of vertical HIV infection relative to horizontal HIV infection is plausible…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Nutritional Intervention on the Intestinal Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: The Pediabiota Study

et al. 2020

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Aims: The gut microbiota exerts a critical influence in the immune system. The gut microbiota of human virus immunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children remains barely explored. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota in vertically HIV-infected children and to explore the effects of its modulation with a symbiotic nutritional intervention. Methods: a pilot, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled study including HIV-infected children who were randomized to receive a nutritional supplementation including prebiotics and probiotics or placebo for four weeks. HIV-uninfected siblings were recruited as controls. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced in fecal samples. Results: 22 HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with viral load (VL) <50/mL completed the follow-up period. Mean age was 11.4 ± 3.4 years, eight (32%) were male. Their microbiota showed reduced alpha diversity compared to controls and distinct beta diversity at the genus level (Adonis p = 0.042). Patients showed decreased abundance of commensals Faecalibacterium and an increase in Prevotella, Akkermansia and Escherichia. The nutritional intervention shaped the microbiota towards the control group, without a clear directionality. Conclusions: Vertical HIV infection is characterized by changes in gut microbiota structure, distinct at the compositional level from the findings reported in adults. A short nutritional intervention attenuated bacterial dysbiosis, without clear changes at the community level. Summary: In a group of 24 vertically HIV-infected children, in comparison to 11 uninfected controls, intestinal dysbiosis was observed despite effective ART. Although not fully effective to restore the microbiota, a short intervention with pre/probiotics attenuated bacterial dysbiosis.

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“…Moreover, gut microbiota–derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to protect the gut epithelial barrier and reduce inflammation levels in PWH receiving ART [ 36–38 ]. Composition of the gut microbiota has been associated with disease outcome in ART-treated PWH [ 26 , 31 , 33 , 39 , 40 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Repurposing Metformin in Nondiabetic People With HIV: Influence on Weight and Gut Microbiota

Isnard

Lin

Fombuena

et al. 2020

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background People living with HIV (PLWH) taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) may experience weight gain, dyslipidemia, increased risk of non-AIDS comorbidities and long-term alteration of the gut microbiota. Both low CD4/CD8 ratio and chronic inflammation have been associated with changes in the gut microbiota of PLWH. The anti-diabetic drug metformin has been shown to improve gut microbiota composition while decreasing weight and inflammation in diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether metformin may benefit PLWH receiving ART, especially those with low CD4/CD8 ratio. Methods In the Lilac pilot trial, we recruited 23 non-diabetic PLWH receiving ART for more than 2 years with a low CD4/CD8 ratio (<0.7). Blood and stool samples were collected during study visits at baseline, after a 12-week metformin treatment, and 12 weeks after discontinuation. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and markers of inflammation were assessed in plasma. Results Metformin decreased PLWH weight and weight loss was inversely correlated with plasma levels of the satiety factor GDF-15. Furthermore, metformin changed the gut microbiota composition by increasing the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria such as butyrate-producing species and the protective Akkermansia muciniphila. Conclusions Our study provides the first evidence that a 12-week metformin treatment decreased weight and favoured anti-inflammatory bacteria abundance in the microbiota of non-diabetic ART-treated PLWH. A larger randomized, placebo controlled clinical trials with longer metformin treatment will be needed to further investigate the role of metformin in reducing inflammation and the risk of non-AIDS comorbidities in ART-treated PLWH.

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Distinct gut microbiota profile in antiretroviral therapy-treated perinatally HIV-infected patients associated with cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers

Cited by 29 publications

References 82 publications

The Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila: A Sentinel for Gut Permeability and Its Relevance to HIV-Related Inflammation

The Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila: A Sentinel for Gut Permeability and Its Relevance to HIV-Related Inflammation

Effect of a Nutritional Intervention on the Intestinal Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: The Pediabiota Study

Repurposing Metformin in Nondiabetic People With HIV: Influence on Weight and Gut Microbiota

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