Distinct pathological patterns in relapsing–remitting and chronic models of experimental autoimmune enchephalomyelitis and the neuroprotective effect of glatiramer acetate

Aharoni, Rina; Vainshtein, Anya; Stock, Ariel; Eilam, Raya; From, Renana; Shinder, Vera; Arnon, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2011.06.003

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This emphasises the importance of structural and axonal damage as a primary pathological process in the MOG--induced model. This study confirms changes observed in a previous microscopic and histological study of the spinal cord using the same EAE model [186,187]. Also, in the same study, hematoxylin and eosin (H &E) staining detected perivascular parenchymel cellular infiltration.…”

Section: Magnetization Transfer Imaging (Mti)supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Using VBA, MTR reduction was found in multiple brain regions such as the corpus callosum, caudate putamen and hippocampus [30]. These early remarkable changes may reflect widespread changes to the myelin structure [186]. However, as the disease progressed and during the chronic stages of the disease cycle (28 days post immunization), the reduction in MTR values was not significant, which could indicate less structural damage, initiation of the myelin repairing mechanism, or inter--individual variability between mice at the chronic stage [30].…”

Section: Magnetization Transfer Imaging (Mti)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Developments In Mri For Assessing Rodent Models of Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2014

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MRI is a key radiological imaging technique that plays an important role in the diagnosis and characterization of heterogeneous multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Various MRI methodologies such as conventional T 1/T 2 contrast, contrast agent enhancement, diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging and susceptibility weighted imaging have been developed to determine the severity of MS pathology, including demyelination/remyelination and brain connectivity impairment from axonal loss. The broad spectrum of MS pathology manifests in diverse patient MRI presentations and affects the accuracy of patient diagnosis. To study specific pathological aspects of the disease, rodent models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, virus-induced and toxin-induced demyelination have been developed. This review aims to present key developments in MRI methodology for better characterization of rodent models of MS.

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Section: Magnetization Transfer Imaging (Mti)supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Magnetization Transfer Imaging (Mti)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Developments In Mri For Assessing Rodent Models of Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2014

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“…Чем выше частота обострений на первом этапе РС, тем быстрее развиваются необратимые нейродегенератив-ные процессы. Понятно, что начинать лечение РС следует как можно раньше для предотвращения развития необрати-мых изменений [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: о б з о р ыunclassified

“…Через 1 мес после введения глатирамера ацетата с маркером пролиферации нейронов он обнаруживается в клетках, имеющих дендриты и аксоны, что свидетельствует о формировании зрелых ней-ронов. При индуцированном миелин-олигодендроцитар-ным гликопротеином ЭАЭ применение препарата приводит к уменьшению количества очагов демиелинизации, боль-шей плотности аксонов и большему числу сохранных аксо-нов [2,7].…”

Section: о б з о р ыunclassified

Glatiramer Acetate Is a First-Line Dual-Action Drug for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Shmidt

2016

RJTAO

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Glatiramer acetate is a first-line dual-action drug for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Shmidt T.E. Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia 11, Rossolimo St., Moscow 119021 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common and potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system in young people. Not only inflammatory, but also neurodegenerative processes are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. The use of MS-modifying drugs (MSMDs) has led to a substantial reduction in the frequency of MS exacerbations and to the slower development of irreversible neurological deficit. Glatiramer acetate is one of the MSMDs of first choice and has a dual (anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective) action. The drug has proven to be effec

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“…GA is known to exert immunomodulatory properties through shifting CD4+ T cells into an anti-inflammatory, T h 2 phenotype, increasing the numbers of regulatory T (Treg) cells [56][57][58][59], and polarizing monocytoid cells into an M2 subtype with an anti-inflammatory and potentially reparative phenotype [58]. Apart from an immunoregulatory role, increased numbers of OPCs and remyelination after GA treatment have been observed in both EAE and lysolecithin demyelination [60][61][62]. In tissue culture, secretary products from GApolarized CD4+ T cells increase the number of OPCs from earlier precursors [61,63].…”

Section: Glatiramer Acetatementioning

confidence: 99%

Remyelination Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Keough

Yong

2013

Neurotherapeutics

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by infiltration of immune cells and progressive damage to myelin and axons. All therapeutics used to treat MS have been developed to target an overactive immune response, with aims to reduce disease activity. Chronic demyelinated axons are further prone to irreversible damage and death, and it is imperative that new therapies address this critical issue. Remyelination, the generation of new myelin in the adult nervous system, is an endogenous repair mechanism that restores function of denuded axons and delays their deterioration. Although remyelination can be extensive in some patients, the majority of cases limit repair only to the acute phase of disease. A significant current drive in new MS therapeutics is to identify targets that can promote remyelination by boosting endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells to form new myelin. Also, a number of inhibitory pathways have been identified in chronic MS lesions that prevent oligodendrocyte precursor cells from being properly recruited to demyelinated lesions or interfere with their differentiation to myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. In this review, we introduce the phenomenon of remyelination from the view of experimental models and studies in MS patients, describe a potential role in remyelination for currently available MS mediations, and discuss many avenues that are being actively studied to promote remyelination. The next frontier in MS therapeutics will supplement immunomodulation with agents that directly foster myelin repair, with aims to delay disease progression and recover lost neurological functions.

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Distinct pathological patterns in relapsing–remitting and chronic models of experimental autoimmune enchephalomyelitis and the neuroprotective effect of glatiramer acetate

Cited by 72 publications

References 49 publications

Current Developments In Mri For Assessing Rodent Models of Multiple Sclerosis

Current Developments In Mri For Assessing Rodent Models of Multiple Sclerosis

Glatiramer Acetate Is a First-Line Dual-Action Drug for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Remyelination Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

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