Distinct roles for lateral and medial rostral prefrontal cortex in source monitoring of perceived and imagined events

Turner, Martha; Simons, Jon S.; Gilbert, Sam J.; Frith, C. D.; Burgess, Paul W.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.12.029

Cited by 83 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…With neuroimaging studies of reality monitoring in healthy individuals repeatedly revealing activity within the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC; [3][4][5] ), recent reality monitoring research has focused on the paracingulate sulcus (PCS), a structure that lies in the dorsal anterior cingulate region of the mPFC ( Figure 1). Among the last sulci to develop in utero, the PCS shows significant inter-individual variation, being completely absent in 12% to 27% of healthy individuals [6][7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracingulate sulcus morphology and hallucinations in clinical and non-clinical groups

Garrison

Fernyhough

McCarthy-Jones

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Hallucinations are a characteristic symptom of psychotic mental health conditions that are also experienced by many individuals without a clinical diagnosis. Research has linked the experience of hallucinations in schizophrenia to differences in the length of the paracingulate sulcus (PCS), a structure in the medial prefrontal cortex of the brain which has previously been associated with the ability to differentiate perceived and imagined information. We Measurements of paracingulate sulcal length were compared between the groups and the results verified using automated data-driven gyrification analyses. Patients with hallucinations had shorter PCS than both healthy controls and non-clinical individuals with hallucinations, with no difference between non-clinical individuals with hallucinations and healthy controls. These findings suggest that the association of shorter PCS length with hallucinations is specific to patients with a psychotic disorder. This presents challenges for continuum models of psychosis and suggests possible differences in the mechanisms underlying hallucinations in clinical and non-clinical groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracingulate sulcus morphology and hallucinations in clinical and non-clinical groups

Garrison

Fernyhough

McCarthy-Jones

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…These areas are specialized for error and reality monitoring, which would include the ability to decipher internal versus external sources of stimulation (Carter et al 1998;Bush et al 2000;Rubia et al 2003;Lutcke and Frahm 2008;Simons et al 2008;Turner et al 2008). Widespread circuits within the PFC are likely involved with such high-order decision-making and categorization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms of stress-induced prefrontal cortical impairment: Implications for mental illness

Hains¹,

Arnsten²

2008

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114

102

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The symptoms of mental illness often involve weakened regulation of thought, emotion, and behavior by the prefrontal cortex. Exposure to stress exacerbates symptoms of mental illness and causes marked prefrontal cortical dysfunction. Studies in animals have revealed the intracellular signaling pathways activated by stress exposure that induce profound prefrontal cortical impairment: Excessive dopamine stimulation of D1 receptors impairs prefrontal function via cAMP intracellular signaling, leading to disconnection of prefrontal networks, while excessive norepinephrine stimulation of α1 receptors impairs prefrontal function via phosphatidylinositol–protein kinase C intracellular signaling. Genetic studies indicate that the genes disrupted in serious mental illness (bipolar disorder and schizophrenia) often encode for the intracellular proteins that serve as brakes on the intracellular stress pathways. For example, disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) normally regulates cAMP levels, while regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) and diacylglycerol kinase (DGKH)—the molecule most associated with bipolar disorder— normally serve to inhibit phosphatidylinositol–protein kinase C intracellular signaling. Patients with mutations resulting in loss of adequate function of these genes likely have weaker endogenous regulation of these stress pathways. This may account for the vulnerability to stress and the severe loss of PFC regulation of behavior, thought, and affect in these illnesses. This review highlights the signaling pathways onto which genetic vulnerability and stress converge to impair PFC function and induce debilitating symptoms such as thought disorder, disinhibition, and impaired working memory.

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“…Functional MRI studies also point to prefrontal cortex, particularly right VMPFC, as involved in confabulations and false recollections [34], and false recognition correlates negatively with grey matter density in prefrontal areas [35]. VMPFC activity is associated with identifying whether previously imagined words were previously seen or imagined [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

False Reports from Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia: Delusions or Confabulations?

Mendez

Fras

Kremen

et al. 2011

Behavioural Neurology

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Abstract.Patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) can make false statements consistent with delusions or confabulations. It is unclear whether bvFTD is primarily associated with either delusions or with confabulations and whether they can be explained by the pathophysiology of this disease. In order to clarify this, we retrospectively surveyed the records of 48 patients with bvFTD for the presence of any false reports and identified four patients. Their false reports included continued interaction with a favorite but dead relation, fictitious marriages with movie stars, and two who claimed that their partner was having an affair. When confronted with the falsity of their statements, the patients conveyed a lack of certainty regarding their external or internal source but persisted in the constancy of their reports. On functional neuroimaging, the patients had predominant frontal involvement. This report found that patients with bvFTD can have both fantastic, wish fulfilling confabulations and typical content-specific delusions. We propose that both phenomena result from known disturbances of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in bvFTD, including deficits in source monitoring and in activating an automatic "doubt tag" for false reports.

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Distinct roles for lateral and medial rostral prefrontal cortex in source monitoring of perceived and imagined events

Cited by 83 publications

References 45 publications

Paracingulate sulcus morphology and hallucinations in clinical and non-clinical groups

Paracingulate sulcus morphology and hallucinations in clinical and non-clinical groups

Molecular mechanisms of stress-induced prefrontal cortical impairment: Implications for mental illness

False Reports from Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia: Delusions or Confabulations?

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