Distribuição de raízes e manejo do solo em cultivo de mamão nos Tabuleiros Costeiros

Abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição de raízes e a produtividade de mamoeiro em dois sistemas de produção, em Argissolo Amarelo de Tabuleiro Costeiro, na Bahia. No primeiro sistema de produção comumente utilizado pelos produtores, utilizou-se solo sem cobertura vegetal, fertirrigado e com camalhões e, no segundo sistema, utilizaram-se subsolagem, plantio em sulcos com coberturas vegetais e irrigação. O camalhão isola as raízes do excesso de água e dos fungos do solo; no entanto, ele demanda muitas práticas mecânicas, compacta o solo e degrada a área, o que resulta na necessidade de pousio e, eventualmente, de migração da cultura. As raízes amostradas foram separadas do solo por peneiramento em água e, em seguida, escaneadas, e seu comprimento e diâmetro foram medidos. Os tratamentos T1 (vegetação espontânea), T2 (leguminosa), T3 (gramínea) e T4 (leguminosa mais gramínea), sem o uso de camalhões e irrigados, apresentam menor densidade de raiz e produtividade de frutos do que o T5 (testemunha) cultivado sem uso de cobertura vegetal, com camalhão e fertirrigação. A fertirrigação aumenta a densidade de raízes, mas as concentra abaixo dos gotejadores. As coberturas vegetais superam a vegetação espontânea em densidade de raiz, mas a igualam em produtividade.Termos para indexação: Carica papaya, coberturas vegetais, solos coesos, subsolagem. Root distribution and soil management in a papaya cultivation in the Coastal TablelandsAbstract -The objective of this work was to compare the root distribution and fruit yield of papaya in two crop production systems, in an Ultisol of the Coastal Tablelands, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. In the first production system commonly used by producers, bare soil, fertigation, and ridges were used; and, in the second system, subsoiling, planting in furrows with various cover plants, and irrigation were used. Ridges isolate roots from water excess and soil fungi; however, they require many mechanical practices, compact the soil, and degrade the area, resulting in the necessity of fallow and, eventually, of crop migration. Sampled roots were soil-free by sieve-washing, then they were scanned, and their length and diameter were measured. The T1 (native vegetation), T2 (leguminous plants), T3 (grass), and T4 (leguminous plant and grass) treatments -without using ridges and irrigated -showed lower root density and fruit yield than the T5 (control) treatment without cover vegetation, with ridges and fertigation. Fertigation increases root density, but concentrates them under the drippers. Cover crops outweigh native vegetation as to root density; however, they are similar as to productivity.

Improvement of the soil quality under intercropped conilon coffee (Coffea canephora P.) in the coastal tablelands of Southeast Brazil

“…Similar results were observed by Souza et al (2014 and. This lower soil penetration resistance favors the root development and, consequently, the productive capacity of the agricultural crops (Cintra et al, 2008;Padovan et al, 2015;Souza et al, 2016).…”

“…This higher machine traffic in CP was necessary because of the greater use of pesticides and herbicides in papaya cultivation than in coffee in FS. The papaya tree presents even less rooting capacity than the other intercropping managements, concentrated on the soil surface and close to the micro-sprinklers (Souza et al, 2016). A lower rooting requires greater control in irrigation management and a localized application of fertilizers.…”

“…In natural conditions such as native vegetation, it is an acidic soil and present natural compaction in the B horizon (Santos et al, 2018) (Fig. 2), which hinders the root development in agricultural crops (Cintra et al, 2008;Oliosi et al, 2016;Souza et al, 2016). However, in area 3, soil preparation with subsoiler to 0.40 m in the implementation of CC and FS contributed to reduce the soil penetration resistance to 50 % in the 0.2-0.4 m layer and increased the available water capacity in relation to NV.…”

Technical and economic indicators of papaya crops for the production factors water and organic compost

“…Brazil is one of the five largest papaya producing countries in the world, presenting favor climate and cultivars with high production potential over the years (LUZ et al, 2015;LUCENA, 2016). Papaya production in Brazil is concentrated in the Northeast and Southeast regions (SOUZA et al, 2016). In the Semiarid region within the Northeast region in Brazil, the use of irrigation for papaya crops has enabled improvements in the production of this crop (FEITOSA et al, 2018).…”