Distributed control strategies for high-penetration commercial-building-scale thermal storage

Mammoli, Andrea; Jones, C. Birk; Barsun, Hans; Dreisigmeyer, David W.; Goddard, G. Jason; Lavrovа, Olga

doi:10.1109/tdc.2012.6281608

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Some authors [22,23] give the grid operator permission to control certain loads, like air conditioning systems, to help peak shaving the power demand. Another proposed approach [24][25][26] is the use of dynamic pricing systems, accessible for the user, who can set certain devices like dish-washers or washing machines to work at off-peak hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Control of a Residential Electrothermal Microgrid Based on Renewable Energies, a Hybrid Storage System and Demand Side Management

2014

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This paper proposes an energy management strategy for a residential electrothermal microgrid, based on renewable energy sources. While grid connected, it makes use of a hybrid electrothermal storage system, formed by a battery and a hot water tank along with an electrical water heater as a controllable load, which make possible the energy management within the microgrid. The microgrid emulates the operation of a single family home with domestic hot water (DHW) consumption, a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system as well as the typical electric loads. An energy management strategy has been designed which optimizes the power exchanged with the grid profile in terms of peaks and fluctuations, in applications with high penetration levels of renewables. The proposed energy management strategy has been evaluated and validated experimentally in a full scale residential microgrid built in our Renewable Energy Laboratory, by means of continuous operation under real conditions. The results show that the combination of electric and thermal storage systems with controllable loads is a promising technology that could maximize the penetration level of renewable energies in the electric system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Control of a Residential Electrothermal Microgrid Based on Renewable Energies, a Hybrid Storage System and Demand Side Management

2014

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“…Cold storage devices allow the cooling load to be shifted to periods of lower demand. While cold storage devices are too small to affect the overall system demand when acting individually, their aggregated action could be significant [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Collaboration between Heterogeneous Distributed Energy Resources

Abdollahy

Lavrovа

Mammoli

2014

Journal of Solar Energy

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A power distribution feeder, where a heterogeneous set of distributed energy resources is deployed, is examined by simulation. The energy resources include PV, battery storage, natural gas GenSet, fuel cells, and active thermal storage for commercial buildings. The resource scenario considered is one that may exist in a not too distant future. Two cases of interaction between different resources are examined. One interaction involves a GenSet used to partially offset the duty cycle of a smoothing battery connected to a large PV system. The other example involves the coordination of twenty thermal storage devices, each associated with a commercial building. Storage devices are intended to provide maximum benefit to the building, but it is shown that this can have a deleterious effect on the overall system, unless the action of the individual storage devices is coordinated. A network based approach is also introduced to calculate some type of effectiveness metric to all available resources which take part in coordinated operation. The main finding is that it is possible to achieve synergy between DERs on a system; however this required a unified strategy to coordinate the action of all devices in a decentralized way.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold storage devices allow the cooling load to be shifted to periods of lower demand. While cold storage devices are too small to affect the the overall system demand when acting individually, their aggregated action could be significant [5].A DER demonstration project located at the Studio 14 (ST14) distribution feeder in Albuquerque, New Mexico [6], combines a micro-grid -consisting of a 240 kW natural gas powered generator (NGPG), an 80 kW phosphoric acid fuel 978-1-4673-4630-6/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE 2013 1st IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech) 223 …”

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Integrating heterogeneous distributed energy resources to manage intermittent power at low cost

Abdollahy

Heine

Poroseva

et al. 2013

2013 1st IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)

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A power distribution feeder where a heterogeneous set of distributed energy resources is deployed is examined by simulation. The resources include PV, battery storage, natural gas genset and fuel cells, and active thermal storage for commercial buildings. The resource scenario considered is one that may exist in a not too distant future, and is based on an existing demonstration system in Albuquerque, NM (USA). The operation of individual DERs, and its effects on the global power flow on the feeder, are considered. Two cases of interaction between different resources are examined. One interaction involves a genset used to partially offset the duty cycle of a smoothing battery connected to a large PV system. The other example involves the coordination of twenty thermal storage devices, each associated with a commercial building. The storage devices are intended to provide maximum benefit to the building, but it is shown that this can have a deleterious effect on the overall system, unless the action of the individual storage devices is coordinated -in which case there is overall benefit to the system. The main finding is that it is possible to achieve synergy between DERs on a system, however this required a unified strategy to coordinate the action of all devices in a decentralized way. I. BACKGROUNDRecent trends in small-scale distributed generation, particularly drastic price reductions of photovoltaic (PV) systems, will soon result in high penetration levels of variable generation, some of which is not directly controlled by a utility. Moreover, much of this generation is highly intermittent. As a result, concerns are growing on the ability of the utility to maintain uniform power quality over the length of a distribution feeder. Recent work has demonstrated that a battery energy storage system (BESS) can effectively perform two important tasks: shifting renewable power delivery to times of peak demand, and smoothing intermittent PV generation before it is injected into the feeder [1]. While this approach demonstrably works, batteries are still very expensive, and their lifetime is limited. In the present work, two examples are provided to show how distributed energy resources (DERs) other than batteries can be used to achieve similar or compleFig. 1. The Studio 14 distribution feeder in Albuquerque, NM, hosting a number of DER demonstration projects that could interact to maximize economic value and system performance.mentary goals at lower cost. One type of DER that is gaining increasing interest is the microgrid, in light of increased needs for both energy efficiency and high reliability. A microgrid is a collection of DERs that, from the viewpoint of the utility, is controllable, acts as a single load, and is able to function in both grid-tied and islanded mode [2]. An islanded micro-grid must have enough storage to compensate for any mismatch between load and generation while islanded. A second type of DER that is receiving renewed attention is thermal storage [3]. In the commercial and residential buildi...

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Distributed control strategies for high-penetration commercial-building-scale thermal storage

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Implementation and Control of a Residential Electrothermal Microgrid Based on Renewable Energies, a Hybrid Storage System and Demand Side Management

Implementation and Control of a Residential Electrothermal Microgrid Based on Renewable Energies, a Hybrid Storage System and Demand Side Management

Coordinated Collaboration between Heterogeneous Distributed Energy Resources

Integrating heterogeneous distributed energy resources to manage intermittent power at low cost

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