Distributed evaluation of the contribution of soil erosion to the sediment yield from a watershed

Pilotti, Marco; Bacchi, Baldassare

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199724)22:13<1239::aid-esp839>3.0.co;2-k

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…(2), Pilotti and Bacchi (1997) developed an algorithm for the distributed application of the USLE to catchments of any dimension. Firstly, the flow paths are identified within the drainage basin on the basis of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM).…”

Section: Estimation Of Upland Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation (3) is derived from (2) on the assumption that the ∆A j due to the sheet erosion of two (or more) convergent flow paths is produced by the same two (or more) flow paths in series (Pilotti and Bacchi, 1997).…”

Section: Estimation Of Upland Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate the influence of spatial resolution on soil loss prediction, Molnár and Julien (1998) compared USLE calculations on different spatial scales of discretisation of the basin area into elementary grid cells, of sizes ranging from 30 × 30 m up to 6 × 6 km. Pilotti and Bacchi (1997) applied the distributed form of the USLE to an alpine catchment in Italy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study makes a regional GIS application of the USLE by implementing the algorithm proposed by Pilotti and Bacchi (1997) to the 22 000 km 2 hilly and mountainous portion of the Italian administrative region Emilia-Romagna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the effects of land-use changes on annual average gross erosion

Brath

Castellarin

Montanari

2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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The effects of land-use changes on potential annual gross erosion in the uplands of the Emilia-Romagna administrative region, a broad geographical area of some 22 000 km 2 in northern-central Italy, have been analysed by application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The presence of an extended mountain chain, particularly subject to soil erosion, makes the estimation of annual gross erosion relevant in defining regional soil-conservation strategies. The USLE, derived empirically for plots, is usually applied at the basin scale. In the present study, the method is implemented in a distributed framework for the hilly and mountainous portion of Emilia-Romagna through a discretisation of the region into elementary square cells. The annual gross erosion is evaluated by combining morphological, pedological and climatic information. The stream network and the tributary area drained by each elementary cell, which are needed for the local application of the USLE, are derived automatically from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of grid size 250 × 250 m. The rainfall erosivity factor is evaluated from local estimates of rainfall of six-hour storm duration and two-year return period. The soil erodibility and slope lengthsteepness factors are derived from digital maps of land use, pedology and geomorphology. Furthermore, historical land-use maps of the district of Bologna (a large portion -3720 km 2 -of the area under study), allow the effect of actual land use changes on the soil erosion process to be assessed. The analysis shows the influence of land-use changes on annual gross erosion as well as the increasing vulnerability of upland areas to soil erosion processes during recent decades.

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Section: Estimation Of Upland Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Upland Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing the effects of land-use changes on annual average gross erosion

Brath

Castellarin

Montanari

2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Their main limitation is that in most cases the relationship between local hillslope erosion and regional large scale SY is not direct. An adaptation to the regional scale is often required [Pilotti and Bacchi, 1997].…”

Section: According To the Spatial Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a distributed sediment model in different data availability scenarios.

Bussi¹

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Soil erosion by water can cause agricultural soil losses, desertification, water pollution, reservoir sedimentation, local excess of erosion (such as bridge scour) or deposition, etc. For this reason, the assessment of soil erosion and sediment transport is a key component of integrated catchment management. One of the most useful and up-to-date tools available to catchment managers for soil erosion and sediment transport assessment is distributed modelling. During the last few decades, many sedimentological distributed models were developed and applied for a wide range of climates and basins. Their main advantage is that they allow spatial interpolation or extrapolation of their results. Nevertheless, their use is still limited by some constraints. One of the most relevant limitations to the use of such models is the lack of recorded sediment transport data to be used for model calibration and validation. It is widely recognised that both sediment discharge series and soil erosion measurements are only available in a few and small-to medium-size experimental catchments. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the possibility of using reservoir sedimentation data as a source of proxy information for sedimentological model calibration and validation. In order to carry out this task, a distributed sedimentological model called TETIS was tested in set of catchments with different sediment data availability. First of all, the TETIS model, developed over the last years by the research group of hydrological and environmental modelling of the Technical University of Valencia, is described, especially focusing on the new features developed within this dissertation (sedimentological sub-model automatic calibration algorithm, small pond sediment retention module, etc.). Then, the model is applied to three catchments with different sediment data availability. The first case-study is the Goodwin Creek catchment (Mississippi, US), an experimental catchment with high sediment transport data availability. The model performance is evaluated, and some considerations are made on the estimation of the sediment volume deposited into the drainage network at the beginning of a rainstorm. The second case-study is the Rambla del Poyo catchment (Valencia, Spain), a medium size semi-arid catchment draining to a coastal lagoon with severe sedimentation problems. The TETIS sedimentological sub-model is calibrated and validated using checkdam sedimentation volumes as an estimator of the total sediment transport. A detailed description of the alluvial stratigraphy infilling a check dam that drains a 12.9 km 2 subcatchment was used as indirect information of sediment yield data. A further application was also developed in this catchment in order to investigate the possibility of calibrating and validating both the hydrological and the sediment sub-models by using reservoir sedimentation volumes and employing neither water nor sediment discharge direct records. The third case-study is the Ésera River catchment (Huesca, Spain), a...

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Extraction of cross sections from digital elevation model for one‐dimensional dam‐break wave propagation in mountain valleys

Pilotti

2016

Water Resources Research

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Shallow Water Equations (SWE) provide a fundamental component for the quantification and mapping of hydraulic hazard. In steep mountain valleys, the use of one-dimensional SWE (also known as St. Venant Equations, SVE) is often legitimate and computationally competitive against two-dimensional solvers. However, in the same environment, the solution of SVE is hindered by the need of an accurate bathymetric reconstruction, which implies a number of cross sections which cannot be readily acquired by conventional field surveys. On the other hand, Digital Elevation Models (DEM) with resolution adequate for studies of flood propagation are available in many areas of the world. In this paper, I propose to compute cross sections automatically by operating along the channel network derived from a valley's raster DEM, on the basis of algorithms that hitherto have been used for geomorphological and hydrological purposes. The extraction process can be refined by varying cross section inter-distance and width, in order to prevent superimpositions that might occur due to the sinuosity of the thalweg and to better capture the valley's local topography. At the end of this process, the geometric functions needed by SVE solvers can be computed for each cross section. A software tool that implements the described algorithm is provided to the scientific community. Key Points:The watershed drainage network is used to extract cross sections from a DEM The algorithm simplifies the use of St. Venant equations in mountain valleys A program that implements the proposed ideas is provided Correspondence to: M. Pilotti, marco.pilotti@unibs.it Citation: Pilotti, M. (2016), Extraction of cross sections from digital elevation model for one-dimensional dam-break wave propagation in mountain valleys, Water Resour. Res., 52, 52-68,

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Distributed evaluation of the contribution of soil erosion to the sediment yield from a watershed

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Assessing the effects of land-use changes on annual average gross erosion

Assessing the effects of land-use changes on annual average gross erosion

Implementation of a distributed sediment model in different data availability scenarios.

Extraction of cross sections from digital elevation model for one‐dimensional dam‐break wave propagation in mountain valleys

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