Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing for High Space‐Time Resolution Ocean Velocity Observations: A Case Study From a Macrotidal Channel

Abstract

Despite significant recent technological advances, oceanographic observations on horizontal scales of meters to a few kilometres prove challenging. Exploiting legacy seafloor cables presents a disruptive prospect to address this gap, as it may provide low‐cost sustained observations with high space‐time resolution, enabled through novel opto‐electronic interrogation of optical fibers within the cables. Here, we demonstrate this approach in a renewable tidal energy cable embedded within a region with a strong barotropic tide. By making remote measurements continuously over 12 hr, we obtain the distributed differential strain experienced by 2 km of offshore cable from a diverse range of oceanic flow processes, with an along‐cable resolution of 2.04 m. We successfully identify: (a) nearshore wave breaking and its modulation by changes in water depth; (b) along‐cable tidal velocity, shown to be linearly related to the differential strain; and (c) high‐frequency motions consistent with 3‐dimensional turbulent processes, either of natural origin or from flow‐cable interaction. These inferences are supported by nearby conventional measurements of water depth and velocity.