Distribution and identification of luteovirids affecting chickpea in Sudan

Abstract

In Sudan yellowing viruses are key production constraints in pulse crops. Field surveys were carried out to identify luteovirids affecting chickpea crops in the major production regions (Gezira Scheme and River Nile State). A total of 415 chickpea plant samples with yellowing and stunting symptoms were collected during the 2013, 2015 and 2018 growing seasons. Serological results (Tissue-blot immunoassays) showed that Luteoviridae and Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV, genus Mastrevirus, family Geminiviridae) were the most common viruses, with rare infections with Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV, genus Nanovirus, family Nanoviridae). Some samples reacted only with a broad-spectrum luteovirid monoclonal antibody (5G4-MAb), and others showed cross reactions between the specific monoclonal antibodies, suggesting the occurrence of new luteovirid variants. Serological results were confirmed by amplification with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing of the partial coat protein gene. Molecular analyses provided a basic, sufficient and reliable characterization for four viruses affecting chickpea that belong to Polerovirus (family Luteoviridae). These were Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV), Pepo aphid-borne yellows virus (PABYV) and Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), that shared high similarity with the type sequences. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed high similarity to luteovirid species. This study has established reliable, rapid and sensitive molecular tools for the detection of luteovirid species.

Cotton blue disease from Africa and its de facto relationship with cotton leafroll dwarf virus: a misleading etiological discrepancy

“…CLRDV research has grown at a rapid rate due in part to the spread of the virus to new regions including the US; however, the base assumption on the causative agent of CBD in Africa being CLRDV needs to be addressed (19). The lack of genetic evidence from CBD presenting cotton samples from Africa as well as potential conflicting reports concerning the origin between South America and Brazil raises reasonable doubt on the etiological connection between South American and African CBD (3,4,12,15). Furthermore, while the broad symptomology and aphid transmission similarities support the idea of a shared causative agent, these factors alone are not definitive for classifying the etiological agent (1).…”

The Viral Threat in Cotton: How New and Emerging Technologies Accelerate Virus Identification and Virus Resistance Breeding

“…The known vector continues to be A. gossypii , and losses associated with ACBD are significantly lower when compared to CDB ( Hoffmann et al, 2019 ). Between 2012 and 2021, India ( Mukherjee et al, 2012 ), Thailand ( Sharman et al, 2015 ), Timor-Leste ( Ray et al, 2016 ), Sudan ( Kumari et al, 2020 ), Uzbekistan ( Moukahel et al, 2021 ), and Australia ( Davis et al, 2021 ) have reported CLRDV.…”

Antibodies for the Coat Protein of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus Detect Commelina sp. as an Intermediary Host for Cotton Blue Disease

“…Important luteoviruses were detected in cotton in Australia ( Ellis et al, 2013 ) and Argentina, respectively, called Cotton bunchy top virus, CBTV, and Cotton leafroll bushy virus (CLRBV). CLRDV has been reported in Brazil ( Correa et al, 2005 ), Argentina ( Distéfano et al, 2010 ), India ( Mukherjee et al, 2012 ), Thailand ( Sharman et al, 2015 ), Timor-Leste ( Ray et al, 2016 ), Uzbekistan ( Moukahel et al, 2021 ), and Sudan ( Kumari et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, it has been reported in various states in North America, first in Alabama ( Avelar et al, 2019 ), and later in Mississippi ( Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic et al, 2019 ), Georgia ( Tabassum et al, 2019 ), Texas ( Alabi et al, 2020 ), Kansas ( Ali and Mokhtari, 2020 ), and Florida ( Iriarte et al, 2020 ).…”