Distribution, composition, and ecological risk of surface sedimental polychlorinated naphthalenes in the East China Sea

Liu, Aifeng; Jia, Jiaojiao; Lan, Jing; Zhao, Zongshan; Yao, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.017

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Four groups were clustered based on cluster analysis and a stress value of 0.01, indicating significance. All groups showed higher contribution of CN 73, which is an indicator for thermal emission of PCNs (Liu et al, 2018). This result indicates that thermal processes primarily contributed to PCN contamination in the coastal zones surveyed, consistent with the results from diagnostic ratios.…”

Section: Congener-specific Profiles and Potential Sources Of Polychlorinated Naphthalenessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The highest PCN concentrations found in Daejeong Stream (mean: 5,970 pg/g dry wt) were within the ranges of those reported for the Yangtze River, China (3,270 pg/g dry wt; Zhang et al, 2015), Liaohe River, China (4,400 pg/g dry wt; Li et al, 2016b), Yellow River, China (7,100 pg/g dry wt; Li et al, 2017), and Chenab River, Pakistan (8,930 pg/g dry wt; Mahmood et al, 2014). East China Sea (77,000 pg/g dry wt; Liu et al, 2018) and Detroit River, the United States (264,000 pg/g dry wt; McGoldrick et al, 2018) were approximately 2-4 orders of magnitude higher than those observed in our study. The Detroit River is located close to the largest industrial complexes in the United States, including steel, petrochemical, and automobile industries (McGoldrick et al, 2018).…”

Section: Occurrence and Concentrations Of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes In Industrialized Coastal Sedimentsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…It was characterized by the dominance of CNs 73 and 52, collectively accounting for > 50% of the PCN concentrations. These PCN congeners primarily originate from thermal-related activities (Lee et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2018). This suggests that PCNs are derived from thermal emission associated with industrial activities.…”

Section: Congener-specific Profiles and Potential Sources Of Polychlorinated Naphthalenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sediment acts as the last depositional reservoir for hydrophobic contaminants in the coastal environment (Liu et al, 2018;Dat et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2020). A previous study reported that PCNs are accumulated from sedimentary particles to marine species (Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gu et al (2021) predicted that PCN congeners are highly toxic at all the trophic positions in the food-web associated with joint toxicity mechanisms. To date, most previous studies have conducted the determination of PCN congeners in environmental and biota samples using a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) (Park et al, 2010(Park et al, , 2021Liu et al, 2018;Kim et al, 2019a). Due to the enhanced sensitivity, chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) has been partly utilized for PCN analysis in sediment samples (Li et al, 2016a;Wu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Sediment From Industrialized Coastal Waters of Korea With the Optimized Cleanup and GC-MS/MS Methods

Lee

Lee³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Limited studies have been conducted on polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the coastal environment worldwide. In this study, analytical methods were optimized for 18 PCN congeners in sediment using a multi-layer silica gel column and a gas chromatograph coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The optimized analytical methods of PCNs were employed for sediment samples from heavily industrialized bays of Korea to assess the occurrence, contamination, potential sources, and ecotoxicological concerns. PCNs were detected in all sediment samples, indicating ubiquitous contamination in industrialized coastal regions of Korea. Total concentrations and toxic equivalents (TEQs) of PCNs ranged from 0.99 to 21,500 (mean: 568) pg/g dry weight and from 1.72 × 10–5 to 18.8 (mean: 0.52) pg TEQ/g dry weight, respectively, which were within the ranges reported by other studies. A clear decreasing gradient was observed for the sedimentary PCNs from inner to outer parts of the bays, streams, and rivers. This result indicates that industrial activities are primary sources of PCNs. The highest PCN concentrations were observed in sediment close to non-ferrous and petrochemical industries, indicating potential sources. CNs 73 and 52 were predominant congeners of PCNs in all sediment samples. Diagnostic ratios and non-parametric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the potential primary sources of PCNs are thermal-related emissions and the use of PCB technical mixtures. Although a few sediment samples exceeded the sediment quality guidelines of TEQs, the cumulative risks by dioxin-like contaminants may be caused for almost all coastal zones surveyed. This is the first report on PCNs in sediment from Korean coastal waters.

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Section: Congener-specific Profiles and Potential Sources Of Polychlorinated Naphthalenessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Occurrence and Concentrations Of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes In Industrialized Coastal Sedimentsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Congener-specific Profiles and Potential Sources Of Polychlorinated Naphthalenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Distribution of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Sediment From Industrialized Coastal Waters of Korea With the Optimized Cleanup and GC-MS/MS Methods

Lee

Lee³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Seasonal variations and associated health risks of polychlorinated naphthalenes in Markman Canal, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Agunbiade

Adeniji

Okoh

et al. 2022

Environ Geochem Health

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Spatial and temporal trends in polychlorinated naphthalenes in sediment from Ulsan and Onsan Bays of Korea: Potential sources and ecotoxicological concerns

Lee

Lee³

et al. 2022

Environ Geochem Health

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Distribution, composition, and ecological risk of surface sedimental polychlorinated naphthalenes in the East China Sea

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Distribution of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Sediment From Industrialized Coastal Waters of Korea With the Optimized Cleanup and GC-MS/MS Methods

Distribution of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Sediment From Industrialized Coastal Waters of Korea With the Optimized Cleanup and GC-MS/MS Methods

Seasonal variations and associated health risks of polychlorinated naphthalenes in Markman Canal, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Spatial and temporal trends in polychlorinated naphthalenes in sediment from Ulsan and Onsan Bays of Korea: Potential sources and ecotoxicological concerns

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