Distribution Equilibria of Minor Elements between Liquid Copper and Calcium Ferrite Slag

Distribution Equilibria between Cu-Fe-As Ternary Speiss and Slag Phases.

“…It was found that the experimental results can be reproduced fairly well when < > and < > are 0.02 and 2.0, as shown with the broken lines in Figs.4 and 6, respectively. Takeda et al 7) reported that < > and < > in the calcium-ferrite slag at 1,473 K, which was equilibrated with liquid copper under a reducing condition with the oxygen partial pressure of about 10 -10 atm, are approximately 0.01 and 3.5, respectively.…”

“…(5) and (6) by using the experimentally determined distribution ratios, are found to be 0.3 ~ 0.33 and 0.7 0 .8 for the AsO 1.5 and CuO 0.5 components in the slags, respectively. While, the ratios for the slag / copper equilibration, which were evaluated at of 10 -10 atm from the data by Takeda et al 7) , are about 0.15 and 0.8 for AsO 1.5 and CuO 0.5 , respectively.…”

Copper Solubility and Redox Equilibria in Magnesia Saturated CaO-CuOx-FeOx Slags

“…Eerola et al [14] attributed this increased dependence to a decrease in the activity coefficient of CuO 0.5 (cCuO 0.5 ). The formation of a bivalent copper oxide species (CuO), which would also account for the increase in dependency, was also considered by Eerola et al [14] and Takeda et al [15] However, no quantitative understanding was derived from those studies. In this work, the dissolution of copper into calcium ferrite slags was investigated with particular reference to the copper species and the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ ratio of the slag at high oxygen partial pressures.…”

“…There is some uncertainty where the change in dependence on oxygen partial pressure occurs. In the work of Eerola et al, [14] the change occurred at an oxygen partial pressure of about 10 À7 atm, while for Yazawa and Takeda [11] and Takeda et al, [15] the change occurred at about 10 À5 atm. Eerola et al [14] attributed this increased dependence to a decrease in the activity coefficient of CuO 0.5 (cCuO 0.5 ).…”

“…[14,15] Most of the thermodynamic investigations into calcium ferrite slags have concentrated on liquidus boundaries at copper-making temperatures, [10,[16][17][18][19][20] iron redox equilibria, [16][17][18][21][22][23][24] and the solubility of copper in slag. [11,15,19,25,26] Nikolic et al [27] and Hidayat et al [28] investigated the thermodynamics of complex slag systems relevant to modern copper smelting and converting processes as part of a thermodynamic modeling study. Jak et al [5] also investigated calcium ferrite-based slag systems in a study on the control of slag freeze linings which are used in new copper converting processes.…”