Distribution of Eight Vitamin E Homologs Found in 81 Plants Using LC-MS3

Abstract

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use liquid chromatography/multistage mass spectrometry to demonstrate the distribution of eight vitamin E homologs in plants. Many tocopherol homologs, which showed higher antioxidant activity than tocotrienol homologs, were discovered and α-tocopherol, which had the highest antioxidant activity among these homologs, was widely distributed in all plants. In addition, α-tocopherol occurred at high concentrations in the leaves of plants belonging to the sumac family, which is native to tropical regions. Furthermore, 25.9% of plants contained α-tocopherol alone, whereas the remaining 74.1% contained α-tocopherol in combination with other homologs. The detection frequency was the highest for a combination of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, which is a precursor of α-tocopherol in plants. The highest number of vitamin E homologs was found in leaves, followed by stems, flowers, branches, and buds. Furthermore, tocotrienol homologs were present only in leaves. This indicates that the distribution of homologs in plants reflects the intensity of the antioxidant activity of homologs. It also suggests that the distribution of α-tocopherol in combination with γ-tocopherol is influenced by the α-tocopherol synthetic pathway in plants.

Vitamin A and E Homologues Impacting the Fate of Acrylamide in Equimolar Asparagine-Glucose Model System

“…This basis supports our findings where the structural difference between tocopherols and tocotrienols (Figure 2) could contribute to different reactivity against acrylamide formation. Tocotrienols have the same methyl structures as those present in tocopherols except for three double bonds in the hydrophobic side chain [29]. Unlike most tocotrienols, enhancing the level of tocopherol led to a reduction of acrylamide (Table 1).…”

Multienzyme Active Manganese Oxide Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Mimicking Redox Regulatory System and Inhibiting Ferroptosis

“…[14] Among them, MnO 2 nanozymes have garnered considerable attention due to their structural diversity, remarkable enzymatic activity, and efficient catalytic performance. [15] However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a paucity of research on the application of MnO 2 nanoflowers (MnO 2 Nfs) in acute liver injury.…”