Distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the amphibian brain: Comparative analysis

Pinelli, Claudia; D’Aniello, Biagio; Fiorentino, Maria; Calace, Paola; Meglio, M. Di; Iela, L.; Meyer, Dietrich; Bagnara, Joseph T.; Rastogi, Rakesh K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19991122)414:3<275::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Subsequently, a great variety of GLWamides was observed in cloned cDNAs of different cnidarian species including Hydractinia echinata and other hydrozoans, showing that GLWamides constitute a novel family of peptides (Gajewski et al 1996;Leviev et al 1997;Takahashi et al 1997;Takahashi et al 2003;Fujisawa 2008). The cellular expression pattern of both peptides in polyps of Hydractinia is very similar to the one found in Hydra (Mitgutsch et al 1999;Grimmelikhuijzen 1985), and both peptide families have been found not only in Cnidarians of other groups like in scyphomedusae (Anderson et al 1992;Hoffmann and Hellmann 1995;Nakanishi et al 2009), cubomedusae (Parkefelt and Ekström 2009), or in anthozoa (Grimmelikhuijzen and Spencer 1984;Gajewski et al 1996;Anctil and Minh 1997) (for a detailed review, see also Leitz 2001), but also in vertebrates like amphibians or rats (Kanetoh et al 2003;Pinelli et al 1999;Yano et al 2003). Meanwhile, RFamides have been identified as potential regulators also in the hypothalamus of vertebrates, where they are termed kisspeptins (Lee et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Furthermore, RFamide has been identified in a vast number of other invertebrates (Walker et al 2009 for an extensive recent review), and GLWamide in C. elegans (Husson et al 2005). There is at least immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of GLWamides in vertebrates (Leitz 1998) whereas RFamides have been unambiguously identified from vertebrates (Pinelli et al 1999;Kanetoh et al 2003;Popa et al 2008), showing that at least the RFamides are ubiquitously distributed in the animal kingdom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuronal cell death during metamorphosis of Hydractina echinata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

et al. 2010

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In planula larvae of the invertebrate Hydractinia echinata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), peptides of the GLWamide and the RFamide families are expressed in distinct subpopulations of neurons, distributed in a typical spatial pattern through the larval body. However, in the adult polyp GLWamide or RFamide-expressing cells are located at body parts that do not correspond to the prior larval regions. Since we had shown previously that during metamorphosis a large number of cells are removed by programmed cell death (PCD), we aimed to analyze whether cells of the neuropeptide-expressing larval nerve net are among those sacrificed. By immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, we labeled GLWamide- and RFamide-expressing cells. Double staining of neuropeptides and degraded DNA (TUNEL analysis) identified some neurosensory cells as being apoptotic. Derangement of the cytoplasm and rapid destruction of neuropeptide precursor RNA indicated complete death of these particular sensory cells in the course of metamorphosis. Additionally, a small group of RFamide-positive sensory cells in the developing mouth region of the primary polyp could be shown to emerge by proliferation. Our results support the idea that during metamorphosis, specific parts of the larval neuronal network are subject to neurodegeneration and therefore not used for construction of the adult nerve net. Most neuronal cells of the primary polyp arise by de novo differentiation of stem cells commited to neural differentiation in embryogenesis. At least some nerve cells derive from proliferation of progenitor cells. Clarification of how the nerve net of these basal eumetazoans degenerates may add information to the understanding of neurodegeneration by apoptosis as a whole in the animal kingdom.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal cell death during metamorphosis of Hydractina echinata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

et al. 2010

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“…In view of the immunohistochemical finding indicating that some of the FMRFa-like immunoreactive neurons project to the hypothalamic region close to the pituitary in amphibians (14,15), we looked for an amphibian RFa peptide from bullfrog hypothalami in this study. Here we report on a novel hypothalamic peptide having the RFa motif at its C terminus, whose peptide may act on the frog anterior pituitary to stimulate GH release.…”

Section: S Ecretion Of Hormones By the Anterior Pituitarymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Amphibian Hypothalamic Neuropeptide: Isolation, Localization, and Biological Activity

et al. 2002

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Neuropeptides similar to the molluscan cardioexcitatory Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 have been identified in several vertebrates and characterized by the RFa motif at their C terminus (RFa peptides). In this study, we sought to identify an amphibian hypothalamic RFa peptide that may regulate secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland. An acid extract of bullfrog hypothalami was passed through C-18 reversed-phase cartridges, and then the retained material was subjected to HPLC, initially using a C-18 reversed-phase column. RFa immunoreactivity was measured in the eluted fractions by a dot immunoblot assay employing an antiserum raised against RFa. Immunoreactive fractions were subjected to further cation exchange and reversed-phase HPLC purification. The isolated peptide was a novel RFa peptide and shown to have the sequence Ser-Leu-Lys-Pro-Ala-Ala-Asn-Leu-Pro-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2. The cell bodies and terminals containing this peptide were localized immunohistochemically in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and median eminence, respectively. This RFa peptide stimulated, in a dose-related way, the release of GH from cultured pituitary cells, its threshold concentration ranging between 10(-9) and 10(-8) M. This peptide did not have any appreciable effect on the secretion of PRL and gonadotropins. It was ascertained that the peptide was also effective in elevating the circulating GH level when administered systemically. Thus, the amphibian hypothalamus was revealed to contain a novel functional RFa peptide that stimulates GH release. This peptide was designated frog GH-releasing peptide.

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“…During the past two decades, the presence of a progressively growing number of neuroactive peptides has been described in the amphibian brain (see Andersen et al, 1992;Maderdrut et al, 1996;Mathieu et al, 1999;Pinelli et al, 1999a;Vallarino et al, 1998a,b). Putative roles in neurotransmission, neuromodulation, or neuroendocrine machinery have been demonstrated or, as in most cases, proposed for many of the neuropeptides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these is the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which, for its fundamental role in reproduction, has been the focus of greatest attention (see Muske, 1997;Rastogi and Iela, 1994;Rastogi et al, 1997Rastogi et al, , 1998Sherwood et al, 1997). Although much less is known about the FMRFamide in the amphibian brain, evidence in vertebrates suggests that FMRFamide-like substances are widely distributed within the brain Eisthen and Northcutt, 1996;Fujii and Kobayashi, 1992;Pinelli et al, 1999aPinelli et al, ,b, 2000Vallarino et al, 1994Vallarino et al, , 1995Yang and Majane, 1990) and that they might play multiple roles. In contrast with mammals (Yang et al, 1985), birds (Dockray et al, 1983), and fish (Fujimoto et al, 1998), thus far no study in amphibians has come out with the structural characterization of FMRFamide-like or related peptide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FMRFamide in the amphibian brain: A comprehensive survey

Rastogi

D’Aniello

Pinelli

et al. 2001

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Mapping of FMRFamidergic neural circuitry in the amphibian brain has been done by immunohistochemical methods. Comparative evidence suggests that there are similarities and differences in the overall pattern of distribution of FMRFamide-ir elements in the brain among the three amphibian orders and within each order. FMRFamide is expressed in neurons in some circumscribed areas of the brain. A part of these neurons is concentrated in classical neurosecretory areas of the hypothalamus in a bilaterally symmetrical fashion. Similar neurons occur occasionally in the midbrain, but are virtually absent from the hindbrain. Anurans are unique among amphibians to show FMRFamide neurons in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca. A viviparous gymnophione is known to possess a small population of such neurons in the dorsal thalamus. Together, the FMRFamide neurons contribute to an extensive fiber network throughout the amphibian brain. Descriptive developmental studies suggest that the rostral forebrain-located FMRFamide neurons originate in the olfactory placode and then migrate into the brain along the route of the vomeronasal-olfactory-terminal nerve complex. Olfactory placodal ablation in an anuran and a urodele provide experimental support to this contention. Other FMRFamide neuronal cell groups, in the hypothalamus and dorsal thalamus, are supposed to arise from non-placodal precursors. The neuroanatomical distribution (projection of immunoreactive processes to areas of the fore-, mid-, and hindbrain as well as to cerebrospinal fluid, co-localization with other neuropeptides, and presence in the median eminence) has furnished morphological correlates of possible functions of FMRFamide in the amphibian CNS. While amphibian FMRFamide-like or structurally related peptides remain to be isolated and characterized, the sum of the distribution pattern of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity suggests that it may act as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator, and also may have endocrine regulatory functions.

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Distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the amphibian brain: Comparative analysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 78 publications

Neuronal cell death during metamorphosis of Hydractina echinata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Neuronal cell death during metamorphosis of Hydractina echinata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

A Novel Amphibian Hypothalamic Neuropeptide: Isolation, Localization, and Biological Activity

FMRFamide in the amphibian brain: A comprehensive survey

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