Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissues

Guan, Xiao-Ming; Yu, Hong; Palyha, Oksana; McKee, Karen K.; Feighner, Scott D.; Sirinathsinghji, D.J.S.; Smith, Roy G.; Ploeg, Lex H.T. Van der; Howard, Andrew D.

doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(97)00071-5

Cited by 1,054 publications

(853 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…GHS-R1A is present in a number of brain areas that include the hypothalamus, brainstem, tegmentum and hippocampus (Guan et al 1997;Howard et al 1996;Zigman et al 2006). By using the term "central ghrelin signalling system" we acknowledge the interesting pharmacology of this receptor, namely, that it has constitutive activity in the absence of ghrelin ligand (Holst et al 2003;Holst and Schwartz 2004).…”

Section: The Central Ghrelin Signalling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ghrelin receptors are present in the VTA (Guan et al 1997;Zigman et al 2006), including a subpopulation of dopamine cells in this region (Abizaid et al 2006). Both central and intra-VTA administration of ghrelin induces an increase in accumbal dopamine release and also induces a locomotor stimulation (Jerlhag et al 2006a;Jerlhag et al 2007) as well as an increase in dopamine turnover in N.Acc (Abizaid et al 2006).…”

Section: The Central Ghrelin Signalling System Integrates With a Key mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Involvement of this reward link in druginduced as well as natural reward has been implied, thus food as well as alcohol intake increases the ventral tegmental acetylcholine levels as well as accumbal dopamine levels (Hernandez and Hoebel 1988;Larsson et al 2005;Rada et al 2000). GHS-R1A is expressed in the LDTg (Guan et al 1997), specifically on cholinergic cells , suggesting that ghrelin may have direct effects in this reward node. We have found that local administration of ghrelin into the LDTg activates parameters associated with reward, namely locomotor stimulation and accumbal dopamine release (Jerlhag et al 2007).…”

Section: The Central Ghrelin Signalling System Integrates With a Key mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of the central ghrelin system in reward from food and chemical drugs

Dickson

Egecioglu

Landgren

et al. 2011

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

217

168

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Here we review recent advances that identify a role for the central ghrelin signalling system in reward from both natural rewards (such as food) and artificial rewards (that include alcohol and drugs of abuse). Whereas ghrelin emerged as a stomach-derived hormone involved in energy balance, hunger and meal initiation via hypothalamic circuits, it now seems clear that it also has a role in motivated reward-driven behaviours via activation of the so-called "cholinergic-dopaminergic reward link". This reward link comprises a dopamine projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens together with a cholinergic input, arising primarily from the laterodorsal tegmental area. Ghrelin administration into the VTA or LDTg activates the "cholinergicdopaminergic" reward link, suggesting that ghrelin may increase the incentive value of motivated behaviours such as reward-seeking behaviour ("wanting" or "incentive motivation"). Further, direct injection of ghrelin into the brain ventricles or into the VTA

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Section: The Central Ghrelin Signalling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Central Ghrelin Signalling System Integrates With a Key mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Central Ghrelin Signalling System Integrates With a Key mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of the central ghrelin system in reward from food and chemical drugs

Dickson

Egecioglu

Landgren

et al. 2011

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

217

168

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“…Although the functional significance of an altered BDNF expression pattern in the vlVMN of sf-1 −/− mice remains to be established, the obvious links between the VMN to energy homeostasis and to conditioned responses is intriguing. Further studies are needed to decipher the possible interplay in the VMN between SF-1 and the other molecular determinants of energy homeostasis found in the VMN, such as BDNF, the leptin receptor, the tubby peptide, and the ghrelin receptor (Kleyn et al, 1996;Mercer et al, 1996;Guan et al, 1997;Wren et al, 2000).…”

Section: Sf-1 and Bdnf In Feeding And Locomotor Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of the orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 in terminal differentiation of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons

Tran

Lee

Marı́n

et al. 2003

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience

101

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The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) is known to mediate autonomic responses in feeding and reproductive behaviors. To date, the most definitive molecular marker for the VMN is the orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). However, it is unclear whether SF-1 functions in the VMN as it does in peripheral endocrine organ development where loss of SF-1 results in organ agenesis due to apoptosis. Here, we provide evidence that SF-1 has a distinct role in later stages of VMN development by demonstrating the persistence of VMN precursors, the misexpression of an early marker (NKX2-1) concomitant with the absence of a late marker (BDNF neurotrophin), and the complete loss of projections to the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and the amygdala in sf-1 null mice. Our findings demonstrate that SF-1 is required for terminal differentiation of the VMN and suggest that transcriptional targets of SF-1 mediate normal circuitry between the hypothalamus and limbic structures in the telencephalon.

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“…Although these results remain controversial, in vivo peripheral administration of ghrelin modulated plasma insulin and glucose levels [4][5][6][7]. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), for which ghrelin can serve as a ligand, is expressed in the pancreas [8,9]. Ghrelin gene expression is markedly higher in the fetal pancreas than in the stomach [10], suggesting ghrelin might be involved in the development, proliferation or differentiation of the pancreas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin prevents development of diabetes at adult age in streptozotocin-treated newborn rats

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis: Ghrelin, a stomach-derived hormone, functions in multiple biological processes, including glucose metabolism and cellular differentiation and proliferation. In this study, we examined whether early treatment with ghrelin can regenerate beta cells of the pancreas in an animal model of diabetes mellitus, the n0-STZ model, in which neonatal rats are injected with streptozotocin (STZ) at birth.Methods: Following administration of ghrelin to n0-STZ rats from postnatal days 2 to 8, we examined beta cell mass, mRNA expression levels of insulin and of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) gene, and pancreatic morphology on days 21 and 70. In addition, we investigated the effects of ghrelin on beta cell replication. Results: By day 21, ghrelin treatment increased pancreatic expression of insulin and Pdx1 mRNA in n0-STZ rats. The number of replicating cells was also significantly increased in the ghrelin-treated n0-STZ model. At day 70, n0-STZ rats exhibited hyperglycaemia, despite slight increases in plasma insulin levels. Ghrelin treatment resulted in the improvement of plasma glucose levels, which were associated with normal plasma insulin levels. Pancreatic insulin mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in ghrelin-treated n0-STZ model animals. Conclusions/interpretation: These findings suggest that ghrelin promotes regeneration of beta cells in STZ-treated newborn rats. Thus, early administration of ghrelin may help prevent the development of diabetes in disease-prone subjects after beta cell destruction.

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Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissues

Cited by 1,054 publications

References 18 publications

The role of the central ghrelin system in reward from food and chemical drugs

The role of the central ghrelin system in reward from food and chemical drugs

Requirement of the orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 in terminal differentiation of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons

Ghrelin prevents development of diabetes at adult age in streptozotocin-treated newborn rats

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